Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41395243›Full record

ArticleTransboundary and emerging diseases2025

Molecular Characterization and Epidemiology of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in Bhutan, 2023.

Puspa M Sharma, Pelden Wangchuk, Dawa Tshering, Tenzin La, Sangay Rinchen, Nirmal K Thapa, Tirumala B K Settypalli, William G Dundon, Irene K Meki, Charles E Lamien

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Puspa M SharmaNational Centre for Animal Health, Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Serbithang, Thimphu, Bhutan, moal.gov.bt.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0417-5496
Pelden WangchukNational Centre for Animal Health, Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Serbithang, Thimphu, Bhutan, moal.gov.bt.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0639-1730
Dawa TsheringNational Centre for Animal Health, Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Serbithang, Thimphu, Bhutan, moal.gov.bt.
Tenzin LaNational Centre for Animal Health, Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Serbithang, Thimphu, Bhutan, moal.gov.bt.
Sangay RinchenNational Centre for Animal Health, Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Serbithang, Thimphu, Bhutan, moal.gov.bt.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5510-2034
Nirmal K ThapaNational Centre for Animal Health, Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Serbithang, Thimphu, Bhutan, moal.gov.bt.
Tirumala B K SettypalliAnimal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Strasse 5 P.O. Box 100, Vienna, A-1400, Austria, iaea.org.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9090-8471
William G DundonAnimal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Strasse 5 P.O. Box 100, Vienna, A-1400, Austria, iaea.org.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2776-169X
Irene K MekiAnimal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Strasse 5 P.O. Box 100, Vienna, A-1400, Austria, iaea.org.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5983-2088
Charles E LamienAnimal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Strasse 5 P.O. Box 100, Vienna, A-1400, Austria, iaea.org.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1899-7614

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a disease of cattle and other ruminants caused by the LSD Virus (LSDV). LSD infections are characterized by high morbidity, low mortality, and significant economic impact. Initially endemic to Africa only, LSD has spread to the Middle East, Europe, and Asia in the past decade. In 2023, LSD posed a significant threat to Bhutan's livestock population, with outbreaks reported across 20 Dzongkhags (districts) and 192 Gewogs (groups of villages). This study investigated the epidemiology and molecular aspects of the outbreak. A total of 19,907 animals (16,728 cattle and 3179 yaks) were affected, with 2888 deaths recorded, leading to an apparent case fatality rate (CFR) of 9.92% in cattle and 38.66% in yaks. Molecular characterization of the LSDV-positive samples from cattle and yaks based on LSDV-differentiating genes (i.e., RPO30, GPCR, EEV, and B22R) revealed 100% similarity among the samples, clustering them with LSDV field isolates from Sudan, India, and China in Clade 1.2. Further whole-genome sequence characterization of a representative sample (LSDV_Bhutan_03) from cattle skin scrapings and phylogenetic network analysis clustered the virus with Neethling Warmbaths (NW)-like LSDVs (Clade 1.2.2). Within the NW-like clade, the Bhutan LSDV was closely related to recent isolates from cattle and buffalo in India and yaks in China. These data highlight the importance of LSDV surveillance in both domestic and wild bovines to identify spillover incidences, understand the extent of disease spread, and strengthen control measures.

Indexed as

Cattle DiseasesDisease OutbreaksLumpy Skin DiseaseLumpy skin disease virusAnimalsBhutanCattlePhylogenyBhutancattleLSDVoutbreakphylogenetic analysisyak

Identifiers

PMID41395243
PMCPMC12697798

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.