ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus programmed cell death protein-1 blockade versus chemoradiotherapy alone for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a real-world comparative study.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) has a high risk of recurrence and mortality despite radical cystectomy. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) offers has been investigated as a bladder-preserving strategy in selected patients; however, in this study, all patients underwent radical cystectomy following NACRT, and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors have shown antitumor activity in urothelial carcinoma. Combining NACRT with PD-1 blockade may enhance tumor response; however, its pathological benefits and short-term safety remain unclear. This study aimed to compare pathological response and short-term safety between NACRT alone and NACRT combined with PD-1 blockade (NACRT + PD-1) in patients with MIBC. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted for 59 consecutive patients with MIBC (cT2-T4aN0M0) treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between January 2021 and December 2024. Twenty-seven patients received NACRT alone, and 32 received NACRT plus a PD-1 inhibitor-toripalimab (n=18) or tislelizumab (n=14). Chemotherapy comprised gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m² (days 1 and 8) and cisplatin 70 mg/m² (days 2-3) every 21 days for ≥3 cycles. Intensity-modulated pelvic radiotherapy delivered 45 Gy in 25 fractions plus a weekly boost (10 Gy in five fractions) to the bladder. The PD-1 antibody (toripalimab 200 mg or tislelizumab 240 mg) was infused on day 8 of each cycle. The primary endpoints were pathological downstaging rate (PDR, ≤ypT1/Tis/TaN0M0) and pathological complete response rate (PCRR, ypT0N0M0). The secondary endpoint was treatment-related adverse events (AEs) graded using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0. Group comparisons used χ², Fisher's exact, or non-parametric tests as appropriate (two-sided, α=0.05). Results: Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics were balanced between the groups (all p > 0.05). After radical cystectomy, pathological stage distribution did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). The PDR was 74.07% (20/27) in the NACRT group and 87.50% (28/32) in the NACRT + PD-1 group (p=0.187). The PCRR increased from 44.44% (12/27) with NACRT alone to 71.88% (23/32) with PD-1 addition (p=0.033). Toripalimab and tislelizumab achieved comparable PDRs (83.33% Conclusion: NACRT combined with PD-1 blockade significantly improved PCRR without increasing toxicity in patients with MIBC. These findings support conducting a prospective single-arm phase II multicenter trial to confirm potential long-term survival benefits.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.