ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Unveiling the interplay between microbiota and PD1/PD-L1 axis in tumor immunity and immunotherapy.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Regulation of PD-1PD-L1 Immune Checkpoints by Gut Microbiota Metabolites and Their Clinical Translational Research: A Review.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Review
- Gut Microbiota Metabolic Reprogramming Drives Endocrine and Immune Resistance in Hormone-Dependent Cancers.Cancers · 2026Review
- Microbiome and cancer: mechanistic insights, diagnostic potential, and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Intratumoral microbiota and their emerging role in the tumor microenvironment.Microbiome research reports · 2026Review
- The microbiome-EBV axis in carcinogenesis bridges commensal influence and viral oncogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Microbial communities across diverse body sites critically shape host immunity and tumor responses. Within this framework, the PD-1/PD-L1 axis emerges as a central pathway governing tumor immune evasion and resistance to therapy. Recent evidence reveals that microbiota-from the gut, lungs, and elsewhere-significantly influence PD-1/PD-L1 signaling, thereby altering immune checkpoint blockade efficacy. This review synthesizes current understanding of the microbiota-PD-1/PD-L1 interplay, examining how microbial composition and metabolites impact immune cell activity, the tumor microenvironment, and immunotherapy outcomes. We detail mechanisms through which microbiota regulate PD-1/PD-L1 expression, fostering immune tolerance and tumor progression while modulating therapeutic responses. The translational potential of microbiota-targeted strategies to enhance PD-1/PD-L1 therapy and overcome resistance is discussed. Integrating microbiota modulation with existing immunotherapies offers promising avenues for precision cancer treatment. Advancing these concepts into clinical practice will require future research to establish microbiome-based interventions as transformative tools in oncology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.