Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41394476›Full record

ArticleNational science review2025

Multipolarized radar reveals shallow subsurface structure and middle-late Amazonian aqueous activity in Utopia Planitia, Mars.

Yike Liu, Tianfan Yan, Xiaoguang Qin, Ling Chen, Jinhai Zhang, Yang Liu, Yangting Lin, Fuyuan Wu, Ross N Mitchell, Zhendong Zhang and 17 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in National science review, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

27 authors.

Yike LiuKey Laboratory of Deep Petroleum Intelligent Exploration and Development, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
Tianfan YanKey Laboratory of Deep Petroleum Intelligent Exploration and Development, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
Xiaoguang QinState Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
Ling ChenState Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7170-5954
Jinhai ZhangKey Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
Yang LiuState Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7699-2507
Yangting LinKey Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
Fuyuan WuState Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
Ross N MitchellState Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5349-7909
Zhendong ZhangKey Laboratory of Deep Petroleum Intelligent Exploration and Development, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
Jiangjie ZhangKey Laboratory of Deep Petroleum Intelligent Exploration and Development, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
Haiwei WangKey Laboratory of Deep Petroleum Intelligent Exploration and Development, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
Chao LiKey Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
Yibo WangKey Laboratory of Deep Petroleum Intelligent Exploration and Development, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
Bin HeKey Laboratory of Deep Petroleum Intelligent Exploration and Development, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5994-1652
Yikang ZhengKey Laboratory of Deep Petroleum Intelligent Exploration and Development, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
Lei ZhangKey Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6067-3325
Juan LiKey Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
Kaichang DiState Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Wenhui WanState Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Honglei LinKey Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
Jiangang WangKey Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
Jinlai HaoState Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
Xin WangState Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
Pan ZhaoKey Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
Xu WangState Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
Yongxin PanKey Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Martian subsurface preserves a record of the geological and climatic evolution of Mars beyond that exposed at the surface. The Zhurong rover of the Tianwen-1 mission landed in southern Utopia Planitia on Mars and conducted a high-frequency quad-polarized ground-penetrating radar survey. High-frequency radar images with ∼5 cm vertical resolution in the immediate subsurface reveal three distinct subsurface layers, buried craters, centimeter-scale layered sediments, and widespread northward-sloping features, some of which likely formed in aquatic environments during the middle to late Amazonian period. These findings suggest that aqueous activity in Utopia Planitia persisted throughout this period, extending the known timeline of water-related processes on Mars and providing new insights into the red planet's geological and climatic evolution.

Indexed as

aqueous activityquad-polarized ground-penetrating radarradar imagingUtopia Planitia on MarsZhurong rover

Identifiers

PMID41394476
PMCPMC12696870

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