Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41394256›Full record

ArticleClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2025

Patient Perspectives on Handling Single-Dose versus Multi-Dose Eye Drops: A Cross-Over Study.

José António Dias, João Filipe Silva, Nuno Lopes, Mário Cruz, Paulo Margarido

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

José António DiasDepartment of Ophthalmology, Joaquim Chaves Saúde, Lisbon, Portugal.
João Filipe SilvaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Coimbra University Hospital Centre, Coimbra, Portugal.
Nuno LopesDepartment of Ophthalmology, Braga Hospital Centre, Braga, Portugal.
Mário CruzDepartment of Ophthalmology, Tondela-Viseu Hospitalar Centre, Viseu, Portugal.
Paulo MargaridoEgas Moniz School of Health & Science, Almada, Portugal.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: There is a lack of data evaluating the relative usability of single-dose and multi-dose containers for delivery of eye drops. This study aimed to evaluate the usability, convenience and patient preferences of eye drops in single- versus multi-dose containers. Methods: A prospective, open-label, multicentre, cross-over study was conducted in Portugal between April and June 2017. Participants aged 50 years or older and had indications for eye lubricant use were included. The participants were allocated to use either multi-dose or single-dose containers followed by switching during the study period. The usability, convenience and patient preferences of each eye drop containers were collected using a novel questionnaire developed by the authors of this study. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed for all outcomes. Results: A total of 114 participants completed the study. Overall, participants found the use of multi-dose containers easier than single-dose containers based on ease of container opening and ease of eye drop application. Multi-dose containers were less likely to have drops remaining in the container at disposal and had improved legibility of labels versus single-dose containers. Conclusion: The findings suggest that multi-dose eye drop containers were associated with better handling and use compared with single-dose containers.

Indexed as

containersEye dropshandlingmulti-dosesingle-doseusability

Identifiers

PMID41394256
PMCPMC12696054

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.