Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41393698›Full record

ArticleCureus2025

Challenges in the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Hepatitis in Patients With Chronic Viral Hepatitis C: A Case Series and Review of the Literature.

Sayan Malakar, Sanjit Kumar, Rahul Jangra, Mayank Agarwal, Anubhav Parwar, Krishna P Kohli, Saurabh Mishra, Akriti Bhardwaj, Arvind Kumar, Ajay Singh and 5 more

Abstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph

Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Sayan MalakarGastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, IND.
Sanjit KumarGastroenterology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND.
Rahul JangraGastroenterology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND.
Mayank AgarwalMedical Gastroenterology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND.
Anubhav ParwarGastroenterology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND.
Krishna P KohliGastroenterology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND.
Saurabh MishraGastroenterology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND.
Akriti BhardwajInternal Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND.
Arvind KumarGastroenterology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND.
Ajay SinghPathology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND.
Dheeraj K YadavGastroenterology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND.
Abhishek TiwariGastroenterology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND.
Akhil GandhiGastroenterology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND.
Gaya ShuklaGastroenterology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND.
Sumit RungtaGastroenterology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Circulating non-organ-specific autoantibodies are commonly found in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Following the therapy for CHC, circulating autoantibodies such as anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), anti-smooth muscle antibody (ASMA), and anti-liver kidney-muscle-1 (LKM-1) antibodies tend to disappear; however, a subset of patients may develop overt immune-mediated disorders, including autoimmune hypothyroidism and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Development of AIH following CHC has been documented in the literature. Sometimes two conditions co-exist. Viral clearance unmask the features of overt AIH in such a group of patients. However, diagnosing AIH in the background of CHC and circulating autoantibodies is challenging. Data regarding the clinical implications of circulating autoantibodies and the risk of development of AIH in patients with CHC is scarce. Here, we present three cases of AIH that were diagnosed following successful treatment of CHC. The literature review aims to focus on the prevalence of circulating ANA, ASMA, and anti-LKM-1 in patients with CHC and their clinical implications.

Indexed as

anti-liver kidney microsomal antibody (anti-lkm)anti-nuclear antibodyanti-smooth muscle antibodiesautoimmune cirrhosisautoimmune hepatitis (aih)autoimmune hypothyroidismchronic hepatitis c infectionchronic viral hepatitishepatitis c (hcv) infectionliver cirrhosis

Identifiers

PMID41393698
PMCPMC12701719

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.