Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41392719›Full record

SynthesisThe Laryngoscope2026

GERD and Upper Aerodigestive Tract Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Janice Huang, Nicolas Jo, Garret Forman, Tonya Aaron, Sophia Peifer, Soumil Prasad, Luke van Leeuwen, Laura Wild, Nicholas DiStefano, Zhibin Chen and 1 more

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The Laryngoscope, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Janice HuangDepartment of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.ORCID 0009-0005-5293-1717
Nicolas JoFlorida International University, Miami, Florida, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7381-5620
Garret FormanDepartment of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Tonya AaronDepartment of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Sophia PeiferDepartment of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.ORCID 0009-0001-8408-3549
Soumil PrasadDepartment of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Luke van LeeuwenDepartment of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Laura WildDepartment of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Nicholas DiStefanoDepartment of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9423-8823
Zhibin ChenDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Elizabeth FranzmannDepartment of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is highly prevalent, yet its association with upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers beyond esophageal adenocarcinoma remains incompletely defined. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the risk of specific UADT cancers in individuals with GERD. DATA SOURCES: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and CINAHL was conducted for studies published from January 2000 to October 2024. REVIEW

methodsObservational studies (cohort or case-control) evaluating GERD as a risk factor for UADT cancers in adults were included, following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD42024602545). Esophageal adenocarcinoma was excluded due to its well-established association with GERD. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Pooled relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random effects models.

resultsSeventeen studies (12 case-control, 5 cohort), encompassing 1,768,394 participants, met inclusion criteria. GERD was significantly associated with laryngeal cancer (RR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.19-2.31). No significant associations were found for pharyngeal, oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, or esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Subgroup analysis showed stronger associations in U.S.-based studies (RR = 1.61) and in studies using ICD-coded GERD (RR = 1.93).

conclusionGERD is associated with an increased risk of laryngeal cancer. Findings support further investigation into reflux-related carcinogenesis in the UADT, particularly in high-risk populations.

Indexed as

Gastroesophageal RefluxHead and Neck NeoplasmsLaryngeal NeoplasmsCase-Control StudiesEsophageal NeoplasmsHumansObservational Studies as TopicRisk Factorsgastroesophageal reflux diseaseinflammationlaryngeal cancermeta‐analysisupper aerodigestive tract

Identifiers

PMID41392719
PMCPMC13067224

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.