Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41392215›Full record

ArticleCardiovascular and interventional radiology2026

Retrospective Comparison of Short- and Mid-Term Performance of 200-µm Polyethylene Glycol Microspheres vs Ethiodized Oil Emulsion for Genicular Artery Embolization in Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis.

Wali Badar, Layth Alkhani, Faisal Al-Qawasmi, Qian Yu, Magdalena Anitescu, Brendon Ross, Sara Wallace, Mikin Patel, Osman Ahmed

Erratum issuedAbstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cardiovascular and interventional radiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Wali BadarDepartment of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. wali94@gmail.com.
Layth AlkhaniDepartment of Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Faisal Al-QawasmiCollege of Medicine, University of Illinois at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA.
Qian YuDepartment of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Magdalena AnitescuDepartment of Anesthesia, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Brendon RossDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Sara WallaceDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Mikin PatelJoint and Vascular Institute, Libertyville, IL, USA.
Osman AhmedJoint and Vascular Institute, Libertyville, IL, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo report up to 6-month outcomes of genicular artery embolization (GAE) using polyethylene glycol microspheres vs ethiodized oil emulsion in patients with medically refractory symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (KOA). MATERIAL AND

methodsIn this single-center retrospective study, sixty-eight patients (65 y.o, M/F (11/57)) underwent GAE from 9/2021 to 3/2025 using a permanent agent: 200-micron microspheres (HydroPearl®, n = 42), or a temporary agent: emulsion of ethiodized oil (LipioJoint, n = 46). Outcomes were assessed with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) total and Pain sub-score at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months post-GAE. Adverse events (AEs) were reported by the CIRSE AE classification system. A descriptive statistical and multivariable analysis was performed.

resultsEighty-eight knees treated with KOA severity: Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) 2: 10 vs 23%, KL 3: 57 vs 33%, KL4: 33 vs 44%, respectively (permanent vs temporary, P = 0.051). Pain sub-scale score decreased by 27 vs 44%, 25 vs 37%, and 23 vs 36% at 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively. There was higher percent WOMAC pain reduction in ethiodized oil emulsion at 1 but not at 3 and 6 months (P = 0.020-0.119). Adverse events included: skin changes without ulceration (n = 14), knee swelling requiring prednisone (n = 5), and access site hematoma (n = 2). A lower AE rate was observed for total AEs and skin changes with ethiodized oil emulsion (P = 0.018).

conclusionGAE shows positive short-term outcomes up to 6 months post-treatment for KOA with temporary and permanent embolic agents. Ethiodized oil may offer a better short-term efficacy and lower risk of skin discoloration compared to polyethylene glycol microspheres.

Indexed as

Embolization, TherapeuticOsteoarthritis, KneePolyethylene GlycolsAgedEmulsionsFemaleHumansMaleMicrospheresMiddle AgedPain MeasurementRetrospective StudiesTreatment OutcomeEmulsionsPolyethylene GlycolsGenicular artery embolizationKnee osteoarthritisLipiojointMicrospheresWOMAC

Identifiers

PMID41392215
PMCPMC13337581

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.