Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41392070›Full record

ArticleJournal of religion and health2026

The Representation of Foot and Leg Healing in Art: A Historical Iconographic Perspective from the Sixth Century Onward.

Carlo Biz, Francesca Della Rocca, Alessandro Rossin, Luigi Pomes, Giuseppe Carolla, Michele Andreotti, Pietro Ruggieri

Abstract readHistorical Article
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of religion and health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Carlo BizOrthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy. carlo.biz@unipd.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8517-0057
Francesca Della RoccaArt Historian (AH), Government Office for Archaeology, Fine Arts and Landscape, Folco Palace, Via Aquileia 7, 35139, Padua, Italy.
Alessandro RossinOrthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0766-6596
Luigi PomesOrthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-7436-0491
Giuseppe CarollaOrthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy.
Michele AndreottiOrthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy.
Pietro RuggieriOrthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9617-9882

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This historical review aims not only to identify and analyse artistic depictions of miraculous healings of various injuries and orthopaedic pathologies affecting the foot and leg over the centuries, but also to explore the stories of the saints portrayed and the exceptional artists who brought these miracles to life through their masterpieces. By examining historical and artistic sources, this study traces the evolution of healing iconography from the earliest descriptions in the sixth century, through the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. Special attention is given to the increasing anatomical accuracy in these works of art, influenced by Renaissance figures such as Andreas Vesalius, who collaborated with artists like Titian. An iconographic analysis reveals the symbolic and didactic roles of these artworks in both religious and medical contexts. Findings reveal that religious art functioned both as a vehicle for theological messages and as an educational medical tool, strengthening the belief in divine healing and promoting new perspectives in the advances of active and dynamic medical science. These depictions supported the rise of church-affiliated hospitals, marking a transition from purely miraculous healing to practices grounded in anatomy and empirical medicine. This study highlights how depictions of foot and leg healing in religious art functioned simultaneously as expressions of faith and as vehicles for medical education for embracing new medical insights. This dynamic interplay between art, religion and medicine laid the foundation for the integration of visual representation into modern medical science, ultimately shaping the evolution of orthopaedics and anatomical understanding in subsequent centuries.

Indexed as

Foot InjuriesLegMedical IllustrationMedicine in the ArtsReligion and MedicineSaintsFootHistory, 15th CenturyHistory, 16th CenturyHistory, 17th CenturyHistory, 18th CenturyHistory, 19th CenturyHistory, 20th CenturyHistory, AncientHistory, MedievalHumansAnatomyArtFootHistory of medicineIconographyMedical illustration

Identifiers

PMID41392070
PMCPMC13649879

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.