Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41390818›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Homophily within and across groups.

Abbas K Rizi, Riccardo Michielan, Clara Stegehuis, Mikko Kivelä

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Strength and weakness of disease-induced herd immunity in networks.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Abbas K RiziDTU Compute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark. akari@dtu.dk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3710-583X
Riccardo MichielanFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4642-8507
Clara StegehuisFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3951-5653
Mikko KiveläDepartment of Computer Science, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2049-1954

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Homophily-the tendency of individuals to interact with similar others-shapes how networks form and function. Yet existing approaches typically collapse homophily to a single scale, either one parameter for the whole network or one per community, thereby detaching it from other structural features. Here, we introduce a maximum-entropy random graph model that moves beyond these limits, capturing homophily across all social scales in the network, with parameters for each group size. The framework decomposes homophily into within- and across-group contributions, recovering the stochastic block model as a special case. As an exponential-family model, it fits empirical data and enables inference of group-level variation of homophily that aggregate metrics miss. The group-dependence of homophily substantially impacts network percolation thresholds, altering predictions for epidemic spread, information diffusion, and the effectiveness of interventions. Ignoring such heterogeneity risks systematically misjudging connectivity and dynamics in complex systems.

Indexed as

Social NetworkingHumansModels, Theoretical

Identifiers

PMID41390818
PMCPMC12727873

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.