SynthesisRadiation oncology (London, England)2025
Optimizing radiotherapy in unresectable or metastatic intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.
Synthesis in Radiation oncology (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- External Beam Radiation Therapy for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026Review
- The role of radiotherapy in the management of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma: current evidence and future perspectives.Journal of liver cancer · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the role of radiotherapy (RTx) in patients with unresectable or metastatic intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).
methodsA systematic search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases was conducted to identify relevant studies published before November 2024. Meta-analyses were performed to assess the median overall survival (OS), 1- and 2-year OS rates, and local control (LC) rates in patients with unresectable or metastatic ICC treated with RTx. For studies reporting hazard ratios (HR), OS was compared between patients receiving chemotherapy (CTx) with RTx versus CTx alone and between dose-escalated and conventional-dose RTx. The toxicity outcomes of the included studies were systematically reviewed.
resultsNine articles (n = 1,792) were included in the analysis. Pooled analysis revealed a median OS of 15.59 months, with 1-year and 2-year OS rates of 69% and 38%, respectively. The one- and 2-year LC rates were 79% and 55%, respectively. Four studies comparing CTx with RTx versus CTx alone revealed that the combination group had significantly improved OS (HR, 0.67). Additionally, dose-escalated RTx was associated with better OS than conventional-dose RTx (HR, 0.53). Grade ≥ 3 gastrointestinal toxicity occurred in 3.7% of patients, and grade 5 toxicity was rare (0.3%).
conclusionsRTx, particularly with dose escalation or in combination with CTx, may provide survival benefits with acceptable toxicity, supporting further prospective evaluations of unresectable or metastatic ICC.
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