Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41390531›Full record

ArticleNPJ Parkinson's disease2025

Revisiting the 2015 MDS diagnostic criteria for Parkinson disease: insights from autopsy-confirmed cases.

Susan H Fox, Daniel G Luca, Ronald B Postuma, Roongroj Bhidayasiri, Francisco Cardoso, Gabor G Kovacs, Regina Katzenschlager, Claudia Trenkwalder

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ Parkinson's disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07522138 (Home-based Self-exercise in Patients With Parkinson's Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07522138 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Home-based Self-exercise in Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Feasibility Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorSeoul National University HospitalRan2026 to 2027Enrolled15ConditionsHome Exercise Program, PD - Parkinson's Disease, Feasibility StudiesArmsHome-based self-exercise feedback program using video
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Pathology and genetics in a global cohort of Parkinsonian Disorders.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Susan H FoxUniversity of Toronto, Movement Disorder Clinic, Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. Susan.Fox@uhn.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-7568-1645
Daniel G LucaDepartment of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1356-4919
Ronald B PostumaThe Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6468-4734
Roongroj BhidayasiriChulalongkorn Centre of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease & Related Disorders, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6901-2064
Francisco CardosoMovement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Internal Medicine Department, The Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0808-0116
Gabor G KovacsTanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3841-5511
Regina KatzenschlagerDepartment of Neurology and Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Conditions, Klinik Donaustadt, Vienna, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2112-9271
Claudia TrenkwalderParacelsus-Elena Hospital, Center for Parkinson and Movement Disorders, Kassel, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6407-1199

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) Diagnostic criteria for Parkinson Disease are based on expert consensus opinion and defines core motor features, 'Absolute Exclusion Criteria' and a balance of 'Supportive Criteria' and 'Red Flags'. To assess validity of each criterion in pathologically-confirmed cases, a scoping literature review between 1988-2024 using search terms for clinicopathological PD and atypical parkinsonian disorders identified 28 articles. Supportive criteria were higher in PD, with excellent levodopa response and rest tremor most useful. Absolute exclusion criteria and red flags were present more often in atypical parkinsonian disorders. However, supranuclear gaze palsy, rapid progression of gait impairment to wheelchair requirement and bilateral symptoms were reported in >5% PD. Data was limited by few appropriate pathological studies with sufficient clinical data; challenges in applying highly-specific definitions to retrospective studies and likely co-pathologies. This review provides empiric data to support some items of the MDS Criteria with future potential refinement.

Identifiers

PMID41390531
PMCPMC12748991

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.