The nephroprotective potential of russelioside B isolated from Caralluma quadrangula in gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury via modulation of SIRT-1 pathway.

Using nephrotoxic antibiotics such as gentamicin may result in acute renal damage. This study aimed to investigate the nephroprotective effect of russelioside B (RB) isolated from Cralluma quadrangula (Forssk.) N.E.Br against gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury. Twenty male rats were randomly distributed into four groups (five animals each). Normal, Gentamicin, Genta + 50RB, and Genta + 75RB groups. The RB was taken orally for 3 days at a dose of 50 and 75 mg/Kg B.wt) before injection with gentamicin, followed by the same dose along with gentamicin injection (I/P) for 7 consecutive days. At the end of the study, kidneys and blood samples were collected. The blood samples were tested for BUN and Creatinine. Tissue samples were tested for SOD, MDA, and NO. Genes expression of IGF-1, iNOS and Bcl2 by RT-PCR were tested. Histopathological evaluation was performed along with immunohistochemistry for SIRT1, NQO1, Nrf-2, TNF-α, and NF-қB. RB treated groups showed reduction in serum BUN and creatinine levels. Along with reduced MDA and nitric oxide while there was an elevation in SOD, SIRT1, NQO-1, Nrf2, and IGF-1 with a decrease in TNF-α, NF-қB and iNOS. Confirming the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of RB. RB treatment resulted in elevation in the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 and reduction in BAX confirming the anti-apoptotic potential of RB. Gentamicin-induced histopathological alterations were also alleviated with RB treatment. The findings of the study proved the nephroprotective potential of RB.