Inhibiting translation elongation by reducing eIF5A activity induces feedback inhibition of initiation, limiting tumour cell proliferation.

Cancer development is associated with dysregulation of the translatome, and targeting canonical eukaryotic initiation and elongation factors can offer treatment avenues for various neoplasms. Emerging evidence indicates that dysregulated mRNA elongation, involving alterations in eEF2 activity and eIF5A expression, also contributes to tumour cell growth. In this study, we investigate whether targeting eIF5A with the inhibitor GC7 is a viable strategy to curtail aberrant cell growth. Our findings demonstrate that inhibiting elongation by reducing eIF5A activity induces feedback inhibition of initiation through eIF2α phosphorylation, decreasing ternary complex formation and shutting down bulk protein synthesis. Employing dynamic SILAC, we identify proteins impacted by reduced eIF5A activity, and show their decreased translation results from feedback inhibition to initiation or other processes downstream of eIF5A. Decreased eIF5A activity impairs mitochondrial function, which activates signalling through HRI to eIF2α phosphorylation, reducing cancer cell proliferation. These effects are reversed by treatment with the integrated stress response inhibitor, implying that the impact of GC7 on cancer cell proliferation is mediated via translation initiation rather than elongation inhibition. These data suggest that eIF5A inhibition could be used to target cancer cells that depend on mitochondrial function for their proliferation and survival.