Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41390435›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Deterministic formation of carbon-functionalized quantum emitters in hexagonal boron nitride.

Manlin Luo, Junyu Ge, Pengru Huang, Yi Yu, In Cheol Seo, Kunze Lu, Hao Sun, Jian Kwang Tan, Beng Kang Tay, Sejeong Kim and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Manlin Luo *School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
Junyu Ge *School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
Pengru Huang *Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials (I-FIM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7863-8045
Yi YuSchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
In Cheol SeoSchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8732-3352
Kunze LuSchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1132-1822
Hao SunInstitute for Functional Intelligent Materials (I-FIM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6400-7365
Jian Kwang TanSchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1579-6430
Beng Kang TaySchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3776-3648
Sejeong KimDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
Weibo GaoSchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3971-621X
Hong LiSchool of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. ehongli@ntu.edu.sg.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6975-7787
Donguk NamDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea. dwnam@kaist.ac.kr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4378-205X

Funding

National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) RS-2025-00520117
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Forming single-photon emitters (SPEs) in insulating hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has sparked wide interests in the quantum photonics. Despite significant progress, it remains challenging to deterministically create SPEs at precise locations with a specific type of element for creating defects. In this study, we present a straightforward approach to generate site-deterministic carbon-functionalized quantum emitters in hBN by harnessing ultrasonic nanoindentation. The obtained SPEs are high-quality and can be scaled up to large arrays in a single fabrication step. Comprehensive experimental analyses reveal that the insertion of carbon atoms into the hBN lattice is the source of the robust quantum emission. Complementary theoretical studies suggest possible candidates for the structural origin of the defects based on our experimental results. This rapid and scalable nanoindentation method provides a new way to create SPE arrays with specific types of atoms, enabling the comprehensive investigation of the origins and mechanics of SPE formations in two-dimensional (2D) materials and beyond.

Identifiers

PMID41390435
PMCPMC12749744

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.