Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41390418›Full record

ArticleHealth and quality of life outcomes2025

Oral health-related quality of life and its determinants among the Saudi adult population: a cross-sectional analytical study.

Azhar Iqbal, Farooq Ahmad Chaudhary, Saud Hamdan Almaeen, Muhsen Alnasser, Nadeem Baig, Yasir Dilshad Siddiqui, Osama Khattak, Mohammed Mustafa, Mohmed Isaqali Karobari

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health and quality of life outcomes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Azhar IqbalDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72345, Saudi Arabia. azhariqbal@ju.edu.sa.
Farooq Ahmad ChaudharySchool of Dentistry, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Saud Hamdan AlmaeenDepartment of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
Muhsen AlnasserDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72345, Saudi Arabia.
Nadeem BaigDepartment of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
Yasir Dilshad SiddiquiDepartment of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
Osama KhattakDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72345, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed MustafaDepartment of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia.
Mohmed Isaqali KarobariDepartment of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India. dr.isaq@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundOral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) reflects the subjective impact of oral health on individuals’ social, psychological, and functional well-being. While oral health challenges in Saudi Arabia persist despite advancements in healthcare, there is a scarcity of research examining OHRQoL across various demographic groups. This study aimed to evaluate the OHRQoL of adults in Saudi Arabia using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and examine its association with sociodemographic factors and self-perceived oral health behaviors.

methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 1054 participants from all regions of Saudi Arabia, recruited through stratified sampling. Data were collected using a structured, validated Arabic version of the OHIP-14 questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple logistic regression.

resultsThe mean OHIP-14 score was 12.6 (SD: 11.7), with 89.5% of participants reporting at least one problem affecting OHRQoL. Higher OHIP-14 scores, indicating poorer OHRQoL, were significantly associated with being male, aged 40–49 years, residing in the southern region, being married, working full-time, having a higher monthly income, smoking, and reporting poor general and oral health. Behavioral factors, such as irregular dental checkups, infrequent tooth brushing, and bad breath, also contributed significantly to worse OHRQoL. Regression analysis identified age, place of residence, dental checkups, and bad breath as significant predictors of problems and frequent problems on the OHIP-14 scale.

conclusionThis study highlights significant variations in OHRQoL among the Saudi population, driven by sociodemographic factors, oral health behaviors, and self-perceived oral health. The findings emphasize the importance of tailored public health interventions focusing on oral hygiene awareness, regular dental checkups, and access to care, particularly in underserved regions.

Indexed as

Oral HealthQuality of LifeAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHealth BehaviorHumansMaleMiddle AgedSaudi ArabiaSociodemographic FactorsSocioeconomic FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung AdultOHIP-14OHRQoLOral health behaviorsPublic health interventionsSociodemographic factors

Identifiers

PMID41390418
PMCPMC12817761

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.