Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41390392›Full record

ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2025

Stillbirth burden and associated factors in Chengdu, Western China: a population-based retrospective study, 2019-2024.

Li Tang, Lingling Gu, Yingjuan Luo, Fangyuan Zhong, Ting Lai, Yumei Wang, Wei Song, Xiao Yang, Liu Yang

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Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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9 authors.

Li Tang *Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
Lingling Gu *Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
Yingjuan LuoChengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
Fangyuan ZhongChengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
Ting LaiChengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
Yumei WangChengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
Wei SongHealth Commission of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610096, China.
Xiao YangChengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
Liu YangChengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China. 342657153@qq.com.

Funding

Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau 2024-YF09-00020-SN
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundStillbirth remains a significant global public health concern, imposing considerable psychological, social, and economic impacts on families. However, limited research exists on its burden and determinants in Western China. This study aimed to evaluate the burden of stillbirth, defined as its incidence and recent trends, and to examine associated factors in Chengdu, a major city in the region.

methodsA retrospective study was conducted using data from the Chengdu Maternal and Child Health Information System for deliveries between 2019 and 2024. The study included 946,299 Chinese women aged 15-49 years with gestational ages between 20 and 42 weeks. Multivariable modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate adjusted incidence risk ratios (aIRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (Cls).

resultsStillbirth rates in Chengdu increased overall between 2019 and 2024, ranging from 4.07 to 5.36 per 1,000 births. Risk factors significantly associated with stillbirth included maternal age ≥ 35 years (aIRR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.36, 1.85), overweight (aIRR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.56) or obesity (aIRR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.04), uterine scarring (aIRR: 9.79, 95% CI: 7.79, 12.29), preeclampsia/eclampsia (aIRR: 4.65, 95% CI: 2.56, 8.45), placental abruption (aIRR: 26.15, 95% CI: 13.09, 52.24), small-for-gestational-age infants (aIRR: 4.83, 95% CI: 4.28, 5.45), multiple gestations (aIRR: 10.67, 95% CI: 8.18, 13.92), conception via assisted reproductive technology (aIRR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.41, 2.28), and assisted vaginal delivery (aIRR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.77, 2.56). In contrast, higher maternal education (aIRR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.92 for college/university; aIRR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.54 for postgraduate), multiparity (aIRR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.74, 0.95), female fetal sex (aIRR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80, 0.97), and cesarean delivery (aIRR: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.04) were associated with a lower risk. Stratified analyses showed higher early stillbirth risk among women with rural hukou status (aIRR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.69).

conclusionsAlthough annual stillbirth rates in Chengdu remain below national and global averages, a recent increase in third-trimester losses highlights the need for strengthened maternal health surveillance. Targeted interventions addressing modifiable risk factors, improving prenatal monitoring, and narrowing urban-rural disparities hold promise for further reducing stillbirth rates.

Indexed as

StillbirthAdolescentAdultChinaFemaleGestational AgeHumansIncidenceMaternal AgeMiddle AgedPregnancyPregnancy ComplicationsRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsYoung AdultAssociated factorsPerinatal healthStillbirthWestern China

Identifiers

PMID41390392
PMCPMC12822258

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.