ArticleCellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology2026
Metabolic Signatures of Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae Infections in Acute-on-chronic Liver Failure.
Article in Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Plasma Metabolites for Identifying Bacterial Infection in Acute-on-chronic Liver Failure: A Prospective Multicenter Study.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsAcute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a life-threatening syndrome of acute hepatic decompensation (AD) that leads to multiorgan failure and high mortality. Bacterial infections are often implicated in ACLF pathogenesis; however, their underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study employed a combined in vitro-ex vivo metabolomics approach to investigate infection-associated metabolic alterations relevant to ACLF.
methodsGut (Caco-2) cells were infected with Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. Metabolite profiling was conducted on cell culture supernatants, and selected metabolites were tested for hepatotoxicity in vitro using liver (HepG2) cells. Metabolomic analysis of sera from 2 independent patient cohorts (AD and ACLF) was conducted to validate in vitro findings and to assess their clinical relevance.
resultsDistinct metabolic signatures were identified in Abaumannii (19 metabolites) and Kpneumoniae (15 metabolites)-infected Caco-2 cells. Four key metabolites from each bacterial species were prioritized for further experiments: α-ketoglutarate, indoleacetic acid, p-coumaric acid, uridine (Abaumannii), desthiobiotin, N8-acetylspermidine, N-acetylglutamine, and β-pinene (Kpneumoniae). Hepatotoxicity was demonstrated in liver (HepG2) cells exposed to Caco-2 infected cell-derived supernatants, infection-associated metabolites, and metabolite mixtures (in all conditions, P < .0001). Increased levels of α-ketoglutarate (P = .0002), N-acetylglutamine (P = .0153), indoleacetic acid (P < .05), and N8-acetylspermidine (P < .01) have been confirmed in the sera of patients with AD and ACLF.
conclusionsOur findings suggest that metabolites associated with bacterial infections and hepatotoxic potential are significantly elevated in patients with AD and ACLF. These compounds may contribute to disease-related metabolic disturbances, representing promising candidates as early diagnostic biomarkers and targeted therapeutic strategies for ACLF.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.