ReviewCNS neuroscience & therapeutics2025
Activation and Long-Term Maintenance of Adaptive Immunity in the Central Nervous System: A Double-Edged Sword?
Review in CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Traumatic brain injury-related ferroptosis: current perspectives.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Review
- Activation and Long-Term Maintenance of Adaptive Immunity in the Central Nervous System: A Double-Edged Sword?CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFor a long time, the brain was considered an organ with "immune privilege", where microglial cells played a phagocytic role, maintaining immune self-sufficiency. However, recent studies have revealed the presence of immune-related structures and immune cell infiltration in the brain, which participates in adaptive immunity. AIM OF REVIEW: This review aims to synthesize recent findings on the activation and long-term maintenance of adaptive immunity in the central nervous system (CNS), exploring how adaptive immune responses function in pathogen clearance, tumor defense, and CNS inflammation. It highlights both the protective and detrimental roles of adaptive immunity in these contexts. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS: Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) present antigen information to naive T cells, initiating adaptive immunity in the CNS. Activated T cells can differentiate into effector T cells to perform immediate immune functions or into tissue-resident memory T cells (TRMs) that persist in the CNS, providing long-term immune surveillance. Over the past 15 years, studies have shown that adaptive immunity is activated and maintained during intracranial pathogen infections, brain tumors, and CNS inflammation. While adaptive immunity can clear pathogens, eliminate tumor cells, and protect the brain, it can also lead to CNS inflammation under certain conditions, resulting in undesirable outcomes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.