ArticleMalaria journal2025
Malaria risk, treatment-seeking, and prevention in Northeastern India: clinic-based surveillance of persistent transmission.
Article in Malaria journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundMalaria has historically been a public health concern in Meghalaya with year-round transmission peaking during the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. This study investigated malaria prevalence among suspected cases presenting at health centres across three districts of Meghalaya, in the northeastern region (NER) of India.
methodsA multi-site, facility-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in five primary health centres (PHC) and one district hospital from three geographically distinct regions of Meghalaya: West Khasi Hills [KH] district, West Jaintia Hills [JH] district, and South Garo Hills [GH] district. Individuals presenting at the selected healthcare facilities with malaria-like symptoms between 2018 and 2021 were enrolled. Malaria cases were detected by light microscopy, RDT, and PCR. Malaria prevalence was estimated as the number of Plasmodium infections divided by the total number of participants providing a blood sample. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the risk factors of malaria.
resultsA total of 1,031 participants provided a blood sample for testing. Forty-five (4.4%) participants had a Plasmodium infection, most (60%) of which were Plasmodium falciparum. Malaria prevalence ranged from 1.8% in KH to 12.3% in GH. Diagnosis of malaria within the past 12 months (OR = 9.2; P < 0.001) and performing outdoor activities before bedtime (OR = 2.0; P = 0.023) or early morning (OR = 3.1; P = 0.010) were significantly associated with Plasmodium infection.
conclusionThe results highlight heterogeneities in disease prevalence within an endemic area, and emphasizes the significance of local risk- factors, such as outdoor activities during peak mosquito hours, in sustaining malaria transmission. Targeted interventions, community education, and better access to prevention and treatment can play an important role in reducing the disease burden.
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