ArticleJournal of clinical periodontology2026
Elevated Salivary Theobromine and Long-Term Improvement of Periodontal Health in Two Cohort Studies.
Article in Journal of clinical periodontology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Elevated Salivary Theobromine and Long-Term Improvement of Periodontal Health in Two Cohort Studies.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTheobromine, a methylxanthine mainly found in chocolate, has been suggested to possess various health-promoting properties. This study aimed to investigate the long-term effect of salivary theobromine levels on periodontitis severity using 7- and 10-year follow-up data from the prospective Studies of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND and SHIP-START). MATERIALS AND
methodsWe conducted a non-targeted metabolomics analysis of salivary methylxanthines in 679 participants from SHIP-TREND and 953 participants from SHIP-START. Inverse-probability-of-treatment-weighted generalised linear models were used to assess the relationship between salivary theobromine and periodontal variables, including bleeding on probing, probing depth and clinical attachment loss.
resultsHigher salivary theobromine levels were significantly associated with improved periodontal health, as evidenced by lower mean probing depth and a reduced percentage of sites with probing depth ≥ 3 mm. The results were successfully replicated in the SHIP-START data and extended to a lower clinical attachment loss. DISCUSSION: Our cohort studies suggest that elevated salivary theobromine levels are associated with improved periodontal parameters over 7 and 10 years. These results indicate the potential for theobromine-containing products to support periodontal health, warranting further investigation through randomised controlled trials.
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