Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41388180›Full record

ArticleJournal of religion and health2026

Development and Validation of the Spiritual Empathy Fatigue Scale (SEFC): A Psychometric Study Among Faith-Based Care Providers in Turkey.

Nesrullah Okan, Muhammed Kızlgeçit, Hanifi Şahin, Fatih Kurt, Reyhan Keleş, Aytaç Ören

Abstract readValidation Study
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Article in Journal of religion and health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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1citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Nesrullah OkanDepartment of Educational Sciences, Guidance and Psychological Counseling, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey. nesrokan@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9496-6417
Muhammed KızlgeçitDepartment of Psychology of Religion, Faculty of Teology, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8914-5681
Hanifi ŞahinDepartment of Basic Islamic Sciences, History of Islamic Sects, Faculty of Theology, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0500-7952
Fatih KurtDepartment of Theology, Faculty of Theology, Gaziantep University of Islamic Science and Technology, Erzurum, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1283-1787
Reyhan KeleşFaculty of Theology, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3040-3081
Aytaç ÖrenForeign Languages / English Culture and Literature Department, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4208-548X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study aims to reveal the psychometric properties of the spiritual empathy fatigue scale (SEFC), which was developed to assess spiritual empathy fatigue (SEFC), one of the unique forms of burnout experienced by professionals providing faith-based help. SEFC is structured on four theoretical dimensions at the intersection of empathy fatigue and spiritual burnout: Empathic Overload and Overexposure, Spiritual Isolation and Loneliness, Spiritual Burnout and Faith Conflict and Questioning. In the scale development process, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted with the data obtained from the first sample (n = 301), followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the second independent sample (n = 296). The four-factor structure obtained with Varimax rotation explains 62.97% of the total variance. CFA results show that the model fit of the four-dimensional structure of the scale is at an acceptable level (RMSEA = .065, CFI = .917, SRMR = .048). The overall internal consistency coefficient of the scale was calculated as Cronbach's α = .926, and the α values for the sub-dimensions ranged between .857 and .894. In addition, test-retest reliability was found to be r = .831 at a 15-day interval (n = 37). Unlike the existing compassion fatigue, empathy exhaustion or religious coping scales in the literature, SEFC is the first culturally adapted scale that can assess the specific psychological burdens experienced by professionals working in spirituality-based relief services in a multidimensional manner. In this respect, the scale provides a valid and reliable assessment tool to be used in various professional practice areas, especially in disaster psychology, spiritual counselling, pastoral supervision and in-service training.

Indexed as

Burnout, ProfessionalCompassion FatigueEmpathyHealth PersonnelPsychometricsSpiritualityAdultFactor Analysis, StatisticalFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedReproducibility of ResultsSurveys and QuestionnairesTurkeyYoung AdultEmpathy fatigueFaith-based caregiversPsychometric scale developmentReligious copingSpiritual empathy fatigue

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.