Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41388021›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Dynamic changes in mitochondria support phenotypic flexibility of microglia.

Katherine Espinoza, Ari W Schaler, Daniel T Gray, Arielle R Sass, Adrian Escobar, Kamilia Moore, Megan E Yu, Casandra G Chamorro, Lindsay M De Biase

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Neuroinflammation in glaucoma: a myriad of cellular pathways and players.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2026
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Katherine Espinoza *Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.
Ari W Schaler *Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2504-220X
Daniel T GrayDepartment of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6262-5178
Arielle R SassDepartment of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.
Adrian EscobarDepartment of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2288-5789
Kamilia MooreDepartment of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.
Megan E YuDepartment of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.
Casandra G ChamorroDepartment of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5576-5831
Lindsay M De BiaseDepartment of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA. ldebiase@mednet.ucla.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0177-5601

Funding

American Federation for Aging Research (American Federation for Aging Research, Inc.) Diana J. Kalman ScholarshipParkinson's Foundation (Parkinson's Foundation, Inc.) PF-SF-JFA-836586
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Microglial capacity to adapt to tissue needs is a hallmark feature of these cells. New studies show that mitochondria critically regulate the phenotypic adaptability of macrophages. To determine whether these organelles play similar roles in shaping microglial phenotypes, we generated transgenic mouse crosses to accurately visualize and manipulate microglial mitochondria. We find that brain-region differences in microglial attributes and responses to aging are accompanied by regional differences in mitochondrial mass and aging-associated mitochondrial remodeling. Microglial mitochondria are also altered within hours of LPS injections and microglial expression of inflammation-, trophic-, and phagocytosis-relevant genes is strongly correlated with expression of mitochondria-relevant genes. Finally, direct genetic manipulation of microglial mitochondria alters microglial morphology and leads to brain-region specific effects on microglial gene expression. Overall, this study advances our understanding of microglial mitochondria and supports the idea that mitochondria influence basal microglial phenotypes and phenotypic remodeling that takes place over hours to months.

Indexed as

BrainMicrogliaMitochondriaAgingAnimalsLipopolysaccharidesMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, TransgenicPhagocytosisPhenotypeLipopolysaccharides

Identifiers

PMID41388021
PMCPMC12700904

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.