ArticleAdvances in rheumatology (London, England)2025
Outcomes and Trends of Pneumocystis Pneumonia in hospitalized patients with autoimmune diseases: Insights from the National Inpatient Sample.
Article in Advances in rheumatology (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPneumocystis jirovecii is an opportunistic fungus that can cause life-threatening Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) in immunocompromised patients. This study compared the incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of PJP-related hospitalizations in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) to those in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from 2016 to 2021.
methodsWe identified PJP-related hospitalizations recorded in the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database between 2016 and 2021. ICD-10 diagnosis codes were used to identify patients with PJP, HIV, ARDs, malignancies, or organ transplants. Patients with both HIV and ARD were classified under the HIV group. This retrospective analysis utilized descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression to evaluate the impact of demographics and comorbidities on clinical outcomes.
resultsA total of 10,725 hospitalizations with a principal diagnosis of PJP were identified. Patients with ARDs—without concurrent HIV, malignancy, or organ transplant—accounted for 5.2% of PJP-related hospitalizations. Compared to patients with HIV, those with ARDs had a significantly higher in-hospital mortality rate (24.2% vs. 8.7%, p < 0.001), underwent bronchoscopy more frequently (51.8% vs. 36.6%, p < 0.001), had longer length of stay in the hospital (13.97 days vs. 11.51 days, p < 0.001), and had higher cost of care (196,083US$ vs. 136,978US$ p < 0.001). Non-HIV status remained an independent predictor of poor outcomes even after adjustment for confounders.
conclusionPatients with ARDs face a significantly higher risk of PJP-related mortality and undergo bronchoscopies more frequently compared to those with HIV. Further research is warranted to identify predictive factors and to inform the development of early detection and treatment strategies aimed at improving outcomes in ARD patients with PJP.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.