ArticleVirology journal2025
Prevalence and genotypic characterization of human papillomavirus in Iraqi women: a retrospective study of 2,193 cases.
Article in Virology journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus in the Middle East and North Africa: A Review of Genotypic Prevalence, Vaccination Challenges, and Non-Cervical Clinical Outcomes.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- An epidemiological survey of HPV infection among women in Southern Hebei, China.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Article
- Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus in Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection and is the leading cause of genital warts and cervical cancer. However, research on HPV prevalence within the Iraqi population is limited, with only a few published studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV among Iraqi women.
methodsIn this study, samples from 2,193 married women referred to PharmaGene laboratory for diagnostic evaluation between 2023 and 2025 were analyzed. HPV genotyping was performed using the HPV Direct Flow CHIP system.
resultThe overall positive rate was 12.7% (n = 279). Within the positive cases, 6.9% had only high-risk (HR-HPV) genotypes, 4.4% had only low-risk (LR-HPV) genotypes, and 1.4% were co-infected with both HR and LR-HPV genotypes. The most frequently detected HPV genotypes were HPV 18 (13.3%), HPV 11 (11.4%), HPV 16 (6.9%), HPV 62/81 (5.7%), HPV 39 (4.5%), HPV 51 (3.6%), and HPV 6 (3.6%). Among HPV-positive cases, the prevalence of single, double, triple, and quadruple or higher infections was 83.5%, 14%, 1.8%, and 0.7%, respectively.
conclusionThis study presents novel epidemiological data on the prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV infection in Iraq, offering a valuable basis for enhancing cervical cancer screening and HPV prevention strategies. Furthermore, understanding the distribution of HPV genotypes may support the implementation of targeted vaccination programs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.