Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41386485›Full record

ArticleSteroids2026

The effects of tamoxifen and its metabolites on circulating estrogen metabolites among pre- and postmenopausal women.

Rajrupa Ghosh, Ruth M Pfeiffer, Cody Ramin, Xia Xu, Paul C Turner, Xin He, Rebecca Troisi, Shaoqi Fan, Gretchen L Gierach, Cher M Dallal

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In one paragraph

Article in Steroids, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Rajrupa GhoshDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
Ruth M PfeifferDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
Cody RaminDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; Department of Population Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
Xia XuCancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21704, USA.
Paul C TurnerDepartment of Global, Environmental, and Occupational Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Xin HeDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Rebecca TroisiDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
Shaoqi FanDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
Gretchen L GierachDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
Cher M DallalDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD 20742, USA. Electronic address: cdallal@umd.edu.

Funding

Hormone-Related CancersZIACP010126 · NCI · DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS · PI GIERACH, GRETCHEN · 2009 to 2025
$103.5M
Intramural NIH HHS ZIA CP010126
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeCirculating estrogen metabolites of the 2-, 4- or 16-hydroxyestrone (OH) pathways may be differentially associated with breast cancer risk due to varying estrogenic and genotoxic activity. However, little is known about the influence of tamoxifen, an effective endocrine therapy, or its metabolites on estrogen metabolism.

methodsAmong women referred to tamoxifen therapy, 15 circulating estrogens and estrogen metabolites (EMs) were measured at baseline (pre-tamoxifen) and 12 months post-tamoxifen initiation using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Changes in EMs were assessed among women postmenopausal at baseline (n = 23) using paired t-tests. Using linear regression, cross-sectional associations between circulating tamoxifen, its three metabolites, and EMs were assessed 12-months post-tamoxifen among pre- (n = 33) and postmenopausal women (n = 27; includes four women who transitioned to postmenopausal during follow-up).

resultsTwelve months post-tamoxifen initiation, mean total EM concentrations decreased by 13.8% among postmenopausal women, primarily driven by decreases in 2-OH (15.3%) and 16-OH (17.2%) metabolites (p < 0.05). Among women premenopausal at 12-month follow-up, circulating tamoxifen was positively associated with estrone (β = 1.24), estradiol (β =1.39), 2-OH metabolites (2-OHE1: β = 0.72, 2-ME1: β = 1.15), and all 16-OH metabolites (p < 0.05). The tamoxifen metabolite, endoxifen, was positively associated with estrone (β = 10.1) and estradiol (β = 12.4), and select 2-OH and 16-OH metabolites (p < 0.05). Positive associations were also observed between 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen and estrone, 2-OHE1, 2-ME1, 4-ME1, and E3 (p<0.05). Among postmenopausal women, only N-desmethyltamoxifen was significantly associated with 3ME1 (β = 0.18, p = 0.02).

conclusionTamoxifen and its metabolites were associated with changes in circulating EMs. Further research is needed to understand tamoxifen-induced EM changes in breast cancer prevention and management.

Indexed as

EstrogensPostmenopausePremenopauseTamoxifenAdultAgedBreast NeoplasmsFemaleHumansMiddle AgedEstrogensTamoxifenBreast cancerEstrogenEstrogen metabolitesMenopausal statusTamoxifen metabolites

Identifiers

PMID41386485
PMCPMC13308850

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.