Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41386004›Full record

ArticleSchizophrenia research2026

Shared genetic effects among schizophrenia, substance use disorder, and hippocampal volume in a multiplex extended pedigree sample.

Christie W Musket, Petra E Rupert, Susan S Kuo, David R Roalf, Konasale M Prasad, Joel Wood, Ruben C Gur, Laura A Almasy, Raquel E Gur, Vishwajit L Nimgaonkar and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Schizophrenia research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Christie W MusketUniversity of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology, United States of America; Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, United States of America.
Petra E RupertUniversity of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology, United States of America.
Susan S KuoThe Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard University, United States of America.
David R RoalfUniversity of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, United States of America.
Konasale M PrasadUniversity of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, United States of America; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Bioengineering, United States of America; Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, United States of America.
Joel WoodUniversity of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, United States of America.
Ruben C GurUniversity of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, United States of America.
Laura A AlmasyUniversity of Pennsylvania, Department of Genetics, United States of America.
Raquel E GurUniversity of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, United States of America.
Vishwajit L NimgaonkarUniversity of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, United States of America; Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, United States of America.
Michael F Pogue-GeileUniversity of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology, United States of America; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, United States of America. Electronic address: mfpg@pitt.edu.

Funding

NEUROBEHAVIORAL STUDY OF SCHIZOPHRENIAR01MH042191 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI GUR, RAQUEL E · 1987 to 2018
$7.1M
A Neurobehavioral Family Study of SchizophreniaR01MH063480 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI NIMGAONKAR, VISHWAJIT LAXMIKANT · 2001 to 2018
$6.1M
The Neurobiology of Affective Dysfunction in SchizophreniaR01MH060722 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI GUR, RUBEN C. · 2001 to 2010
$4.8M
Predoctoral Training Program in Behavioral Brain ResearchT32GM081760 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI FIEZ, JULIE A, HOLT, LORI L · 2007 to 2021
$4.3M
Mapping Genotype to Developmental Course Across an Autism-Schizophrenia GradientK99MH137253 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Szu-Yu Susan Kuo · 2025 to 2026
$259k
NEUROBEHAVIORAL STUDY OF SCHIZOPHRENIAR37MH042191 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI GUR, RAQUEL E · 1990 to 1999
–
NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM081760NIMH NIH HHS K99 MH137253NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH042191NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH060722NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH063480NIMH NIH HHS R37 MH042191
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMany individuals with schizophrenia have comorbid substance use disorders (SUD) and yet the reasons for this comorbidity are largely unknown. The current study examined if shared genetic effects jointly increase risk for both schizophrenia and SUD and if shared genetic effects on brain structure phenotypes mediate this relationship.

methodsData were collected using a multiplex extended pedigree design ascertained through schizophrenia probands (total sample N = 1306, with N = 789 relatives and N = 517 unrelated controls) to investigate the degree to which genetic effects are shared among schizophrenia, four SUDs, and structural MRI measures of surface area, cortical thickness, and subcortical volumes. Given that all predictions were directional (e.g., that schizophrenia would be positively genetically correlated with substance use), one-tailed t-tests were used with false discovery rate (FDR) correction when appropriate.

resultsAs predicted, schizophrenia was significantly genetically correlated with any SUD excluding nicotine (R

conclusionsThese findings indicate that shared genetic effects may partially explain the observed comorbidity between schizophrenia and SUD and may suggest a unique role of the hippocampus in the pathophysiology of both schizophrenia and SUD.

Indexed as

HippocampusSchizophreniaSubstance-Related DisordersAdultComorbidityFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedOrgan SizePedigreeYoung AdultGeneticsHippocampusMRISchizophreniaSubstance use disorder

Identifiers

PMID41386004
PMCPMC13441064

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.