Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41385967›Full record

ArticleEpilepsy research2026

4-Phenylbutyrate rescues neurobehavioral phenotypes in SLC6A1-related encephalopathy.

Karishma Randhave, Kirill Zavalin, Jing-Qiong Kang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Epilepsy research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. 4-Phenylbutyrate Rescue inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Karishma RandhaveDepartment of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
Kirill ZavalinDepartment of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
Jing-Qiong KangDepartment of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Electronic address: jingqiong.kang@vumc.org.

Funding

Promoting Protein Trafficking with 4-phenylbutyrate to Treat Genetic EpilepsyR01NS121718 · NINDS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Jing-Qiong Kang · 2022 to 2026
$2.2M
NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS121718
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) caused by pathogenic variants in SLC6A1, encoding γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter 1 (GAT-1), present with seizures and severe comorbidities including cognitive impairment, developmental delay, motor difficulties, and social deficits. Current therapies focus on seizure reduction but do not address the disabling neurobehavioral symptoms. We previously showed that 4-phenylbutyrate (PBA), known as a chemical chaperone and histone deacetylase inhibitor, restores GAT-1 function and reduces seizures in both mouse models and humans with SLC6A1 variants. Here, we tested whether PBA can improve neurobehavioral deficits in the Slc6a1

Indexed as

GABA Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsPhenylbutyratesAnimalsBehavior, AnimalDisease Models, AnimalFemaleLocomotionMaleMiceMice, TransgenicPhenotypeSeizures4-phenylbutyric acidGABA Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsPhenylbutyratesSlc6a1 protein, mouse4 phenylbutyrate (PBA)EpilepsyGABA transporter 1 (GAT-1)LocomotionNeurodevelopmental delay

Identifiers

PMID41385967
PMCPMC12978268

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.