ArticleIndian journal of ophthalmology2026
Liquid tobacco-induced optic neuropathy in the tribal population of Northeast India.
Article in Indian journal of ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeTo report TON in indigenous tribal communities of Northeast India, and to explore its association with Tuibur use.
methodRetrospective study undertaken in consecutive patients presenting with unexplained gradual, painless, bilateral diminution of vision. Detailed dietary and medical history was taken. Demographic profile of subjects was noted, including age, gender, ethnicity and occupation. Duration & frequency of Tuibur use per day was noted. Clinical evaluation along with visual fields, color vision, Retinal nerve fibre layer analysis was done. All patients were started on oral Vitamin B complex supplementation, including Vitamin B12 (1500 mcg) once daily for three months. The patients were called for follow up at monthly intervals for 3 months and at 6 months.
result39 patients with bilateral involvement, mean age of 39.5 ± 11.6 years were studied. 82% were females; 97.4% belonging to tribal community. There was statistically significant improvement in visual acuity [Oculus Dexter (OD) P=0.002, Oculus Sinister (OS) P=0.007] and visual field indices after treatment.
conclusionTON may cause severe visual loss; however, timely management gives favourable results. Treatment involves replacing deficient nutrients and eliminating offending toxins. It is also important to consider contributory cultural and dietary practices. This is the first study linking a hitherto unheard-of toxic agent, liquid tobacco (Tuibur/Hidakphu) to optic neuropathy.
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