Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41385083›Full record

ArticleInternational urogynecology journal2026

Neurovascular Mapping of the Labial Fat Pad: Implications for Optimal Martius Flap Harvest.

Rodger W Rothenberger, Rehan Feroz, Nathan Hogarth, Laurel Carbone, Stacy M Lenger, Ankita Gupta, Jeremy T Gaskins, Sean Francis

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In one paragraph

Article in International urogynecology journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Rodger W RothenbergerDepartment of OBGYN and Women's Health, Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, The University of Louisville Medical Center, 550 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. rrothenbergereras@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8468-5243
Rehan FerozDepartment of OBGYN and Women's Health, Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, The University of Louisville Medical Center, 550 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
Nathan HogarthDepartment of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
Laurel CarboneDepartment of OBGYN and Women's Health, Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, The University of Louisville Medical Center, 550 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
Stacy M LengerDepartment of OBGYN and Women's Health, Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, The University of Louisville Medical Center, 550 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
Ankita GuptaDepartment of OBGYN and Women's Health, Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, The University of Louisville Medical Center, 550 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
Jeremy T GaskinsSchool of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
Sean FrancisDepartment of OBGYN and Women's Health, Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, The University of Louisville Medical Center, 550 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introduction and hypothesisThe Martius flap technique includes the cultivation of a well-vascularized labial fat pad from the labium majus for the interposition between a surgical site and the vaginal wall. Our objective was to determine the optimal location for incision and dissection of a Martius flap based on nerve and vascular density in cadaveric dissections.

methodsThe labium majus from ten lightly embalmed or fresh frozen cadavers were excised in their entirety. Each specimen was divided into a total of 18 sections per specimen, with nerve and vascular densities subsequently assessed.

resultsThe highest nerve density was found within the anterior aspects of the right and left labia. An increased nerve density was observed in the right labium (9% increase vs left, 95% CI 5-12%, p < 0.001) and the medial column (5% increase vs lateral, 95% CI 1-10%, p = 0.019), but no difference was observed in the anterior versus the posterior position (p = 0.88). The highest vascular density was seen in the right lateral labium. There was significantly greater vascular density on the right vs left labium (8% increase, 95% CI 5-12%, p < 0.001), but no significant difference in medial vs lateral (p = 0.55) or in anterior versus posterior (p = 0.86).

conclusionsThese data may provide evidence that utilizing the right labia majus may yield a safer Martius flap. The highest vascularity was in the lateral aspects of the right labial fat pad, and the highest nerve density was in the anterior and medial aspects of the fat pad bilaterally.

Indexed as

Adipose TissueSurgical FlapsTissue and Organ HarvestingVulvaCadaverFemaleHumansAnatomyCadaverGraftMartius flapVulvar surgery

Identifiers

PMID41385083

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