ArticleIrish journal of medical science2026
Vitamin D deficiency and depression in obese adults: NHANES 2009-2018.
Article in Irish journal of medical science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundVitamin D deficiency is common in obesity and has been linked to depression. However, the specific relationship between vitamin D status and depression in overweight or obese adults remains unclear.
objectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the association between serum vitamin D levels and depression among obese adults using data from NHANES 2009-2018.
methodsCross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2009-2018, a nationally representative survey with a multistage, stratified, cluster design; analyses incorporated survey weights. Of 49,693 participants, we excluded those aged < 18 or > 60 years (n = 28,464), those with BMI < 30 kg/m
resultsA total of 4,822 subjects (mean age 41 years; 44% male) were included in this study, in which the prevalence of depression was 20%. The results of the study showed that the detection rate of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency was 16% in the depressed group, which was significantly higher than the 12% in the non-depressed group (P = 0.002). After adjusting for age, gender, race, education level, marital status, poverty-to-income ratio, smoking, alcohol consumption, hours of sleep, diabetes, hypertension, and number of hyperlipidemia, there remained a significant positive association between depression and serum vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency (adjusted OR = 1.41, 95%CI 1.06, 1.88).
conclusionIn this cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2009-2018 obese adults, vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency was associated with higher odds of depression; causality cannot be inferred.
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