Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41384764›Full record

Trial reportThe international journal of neuropsychopharmacology2026

Diazepam modulates anterior cingulate glutamate levels in people at clinical high-risk for psychosis.

Amanda Kiemes, Nicholas R Livingston, Paulina B Lukow, Samuel Knight, Luke Jelen, Thomas Reilly, Aikaterini Dima, Maria A Nettis, David J Lythgoe, Cecilia Casetta and 10 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Amanda KiemesDepartment of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-6819-8090
Nicholas R LivingstonDepartment of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-6582-2545
Paulina B LukowDepartment of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-6796-9102
Samuel KnightDepartment of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-3420-3722
Luke JelenDepartment of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-6398-5239
Thomas ReillyDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-6890-918X
Aikaterini DimaSouth London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-6371-775X
Maria A NettisDepartment of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-5401-8391
David J LythgoeDepartment of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-5078-9025
Cecilia CasettaSouth London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-1980-3415
Alice EgertonDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-2939-064X
Thomas SpencerDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-5661-3293
Andrea De MicheliDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-8358-5715
Paolo Fusar-PoliDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-3582-6788
Anthony A GraceDepartments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-1864-5504
Steven C R WilliamsDepartment of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-4299-1941
Philip McGuireDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-4381-0532
Cathy DaviesDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-3011-8643
James M StoneBrighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-3051-0135
Gemma ModinosDepartment of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-7870-066X

Funding

Gating of Information Flow Within the Nucleus Accumbens (Supplement)R01MH057440 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI ANTHONY A GRACE · 1997 to 2026
$7.2M
Department of Health and Social CareMaudsley Biomedical Research CentreNational Institute for Health and Care ResearchNIHRNIMH NIH HHS R01 MH057440Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust and the Royal Society 202397/Z/16/Z to G.M.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivePreclinical evidence suggests that modulating neural excitation through administration of diazepam, a positive allosteric modulator of GABAA receptors, can prevent the emergence of behavioral and neurobiological alterations relevant to psychosis in adulthood. DESIGN AND

participantsHere, we examine this neurochemical mechanism in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Twenty-four individuals (15 female and 9 male) aged 18-35 were scanned twice using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure anterior cingulate cortex Glx (glutamate and glutamine) levels, once after a single dose of diazepam (5 mg) and once after placebo.

resultsMixed-effects model analyses revealed that diazepam reduced anterior cingulate cortex Glx levels compared to placebo (t(20.8) = -2.14, P = .04). The effect of diazepam on Glx levels was greater in older individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (t(12) = -4.36, P = .001).

conclusionThese findings suggest that pharmacological modulation of GABAA receptors can alter Glx changes in and support a novel therapeutic mechanism of benefit for individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis.

Indexed as

DiazepamGABA ModulatorsGlutamic AcidGyrus CinguliPsychotic DisordersAdolescentAdultCross-Over StudiesDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyMaleYoung AdultDiazepamGABA ModulatorsGlutamic Acidbenzodiazepinesclinical high risk for psychosisGlxmagnetic resonance spectroscopyschizophrenia

Identifiers

PMID41384764
PMCPMC12874875

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.