Trial reportEuropean heart journal2026
Venous thromboembolism and bleeding in cancer patients: role of inflammatory and cardiac biomarkers.
Trial report in European heart journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antithrombotic Therapy After PCI in High-Risk Cardiovascular Patients: Navigating Complexity Beyond Guidelines.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Development and validation of a predictive model for perioperative venous thromboembolism in colorectal cancer patients based on D-dimer combined with fibrinogen levels.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Gene Therapy for Inherited Cardiac Arrhythmias.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsPatients with cancer have increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and bleeding. Inflammatory and cardiac biomarkers may predict these complications, but their role remains unclear. This study examined associations between two inflammatory-related markers (C-reactive protein and growth differentiation factor-15) and two cardiac markers [N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT)] with VTE and clinically relevant bleeding in cancer patients.
methodsA post hoc analysis of the AVERT trial, which evaluated apixaban for VTE prevention in ambulatory cancer patients with a Khorana score of ≥2, was performed. Biomarkers were measured at baseline and 1 month, with C-reactive protein also at 3 months. Fine and Gray regression, accounting for competing risk of death and adjusted for age and advanced cancer, estimated subdistribution hazard ratios (SHRs) for VTE and clinically relevant bleeding.
resultsOf 574 patients, 514 provided baseline samples. One- and 3-month samples were available from 454 and 447, and 378 and 364, patients without prior VTE and bleeding events, respectively. Elevated baseline growth differentiation factor-15 was associated with increased VTE risk [SHR 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.84]. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (SHR 1.44, 95% CI 1.08-1.92) and C-reactive protein (SHR 1.38, 95% CI 1.07-1.76) were linked to bleeding risk. Increasing high-sensitivity troponin T from baseline to 1 month was associated with higher VTE risk (SHR 1.89, 95% CI 1.14-3.16). Nomograms were developed to estimate VTE and clinically relevant bleeding risks.
conclusionsSelect inflammatory-related and cardiac markers were associated with VTE and bleeding risks in cancer patients, which can be determined using developed nomograms. Prospective research is needed to confirm these findings.
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