SynthesisFrontiers in physiology2025
Association between body mass index at different levels and risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review with dose-response meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in physiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence and risk factors of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2026Pooled it
- Review
- Perioperative morbidity and midterm outcomes following antireflux surgery in overweight and obese populations.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
- Dietary index for gut microbiota and risk of incident gastroesophageal reflux disease: a prospective cohort analysis integrating plasma proteomics in the UK Biobank.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: Although obesity is widely reported as an established risk factor for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), divergent findings exist across studies. To address the problems of obsolete data and conflicting findings in previous studies, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and GERD. Methods: We searched Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for relevant studies, and obtained the prevalence of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux (symptomatic GER) or GERD from the original studies for the different BMI groups. International BMI cut-off points were adopted to define underweight, overweight, and obesity. Meta-analysis of this association was performed by calculating the combined relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using a random-effects model. In addition, subgroup and dose-response analyses were performed to explore subgroup differences and the association between BMI and GERD. Results: Analysis of 43 papers (39 cross-sectional studies, 4 case-control studies) with a total of 484,219 study participants showed that BMI was associated with the risk of symptomatic GER (RR = 2.041, 95% CI: 1.507-2.763) and GERD (RR = 1.374, 95% CI: 1.260-1.499). The results of the meta-analysis across different BMI groups suggest that, overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m Conclusion: Elevated BMI increases the risk of symptomatic GER and GERD, and BMI is positively and linearly correlated with the risk of GERD. Overweight is an important inflection point for disease risk. High-quality prospective cohort studies are needed to explore the causality between the two factors and underlying mechanisms in the future.
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