ArticleCaspian journal of internal medicine2025
Relationship between thyroid nodule, prolactin, and thyroid peroxidase antibody levels: A case-control study.
Article in Caspian journal of internal medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Thyroid nodules are a significant clinical concern due to their potential for malignancy. Research suggests prolactin, a known mitogen, may contribute to cancer development, and elevated thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) levels are linked to increased thyroid nodularity in hyperprolactinemia. This study investigates the relationship between serum prolactin levels, thyroid nodularity, and TPO-Ab presence. Methods: Ninety patients were divided into three groups of 30: a control group without nodules, and two case groups with nodules (one TPO-Ab positive, one TPO-Ab negative). Serum prolactin, TPO-Ab, thyroid stimulating hormone, T4, and thyroid ultrasound data were analyzed. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The mean age of the participants was 46.07±12.40 years, with 16 (17.8%) males and 74 (82.2%) females. Serum TSH, prolactin, and TPO-Ab levels were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (P=0.041, 0.050, and 0.000, respectively). The case group had more instances of hyperprolactinemia than the control group (35% vs. 13.3%) (OR = 3.5, CI 95% = 1.08-11.38, P=0.031). Furthermore, the TPO-Ab positive group demonstrated greater solidity than the TPO-Ab negative group (93.3% vs 73.3%, P=0.038). Conclusion: Our study revealed a positive correlation between thyroid nodules and increased serum TSH, prolactin, and TPO-Ab levels. Furthermore, we discovered that TPO-Ab positive nodules exhibit greater solidity and elevated TSH levels.
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