ArticleBMC health services research2025
Relational trust in outreach with women experiencing street-involvement in British Columbia, Canada: a qualitative study.
Article in BMC health services research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06854770 (The Outreach Project), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Outreach Project: A Study of Women-led, Trauma Informed Outreach to Foster Equity
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWomen who experience street-involvement are severely underserved in health care. Outreach can address this service gap, but little is known about what constitutes gender-appropriate and effective outreach worker-client relationships in this context.
methodsTo explore the relational attributes of outreach, qualitative interviews were conducted with women (n = 19) enrolled in a pilot study (2017–2020) aimed at designing a gender-specific outreach program in British Columbia and with outreach staff (n = 8). Data analysis focused on women’s experiences, supplemented by outreach staffs’ perspectives. Reflexive thematic analysis informed by central tenets of feminist relational theory and harm reduction was used.
resultsTrust was the overarching theme, conceptualized as a relational, dynamic, and iterative process co-constructed over time. Eight interrelated domains of trust were identified: commitment; consistency; professional boundaries; privacy and confidentiality; empathy; non-judgement; expert knowledge; and “doing with not for”. Relational trust integrated understandings of the impact of gender-based violence, poverty, and drug-related criminalization. When enacted, trust facilitated participants’ engagement with outreach workers, improved care access, and advanced women’s capacities to navigate their general and substance use health care more independently.
conclusionsTrust is a critical element of health and social service delivery and distrust remains a major barrier. These findings advance new conceptualizations of trust that consider the interplay between interpersonal and structural features of care delivery such as stigma, discrimination, colonization, ableism, and classism. Outreach programs emphasizing trust-building as a dynamic and socio-structurally embedded process hold significant potential for improving care engagement among women who are chronically underserved.
trial registrationRetrospectively registered on February 25, 2025 (NCT06854770) with ClinicalTrials.gov.
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