Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41381793›Full record

ArticleActa neurochirurgica2025

Long-term outcomes following augmented reality-assisted pedicle screw placement in spinal fusion patients.

Sai Chandan Reddy, Mahnoor Shafi, Alison Park, Liam P Hughes, Jawad M Khalifeh, Tej D Azad, Timothy F Witham

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Acta neurochirurgica, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

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0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Sai Chandan ReddyDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
Mahnoor ShafiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
Alison ParkDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
Liam P HughesDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
Jawad M KhalifehDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
Tej D AzadDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
Timothy F WithamDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA. twitham2@jhmi.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeAugmented reality (AR) technology integrates intraoperative imaging into the surgical field through AR headsets, enabling real-time, heads-up surgical navigation. While previous work has demonstrated that AR navigation achieves excellent radiographic accuracy for instrumentation placement, no studies have reported long-term patient-reported outcomes (PROs) following AR-guided spine surgery.

methodsIn this retrospective study with prospective follow-up, patient electronic medical records were reviewed for demographic, clinical, and outcome data. Pre- and postoperative PROs were collected, including Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36). Mental (MCS) and physical (PCS) component scores were derived from SF-36 responses. Univariate statistics and paired Wilcoxon tests were used to analyze patient characteristics and PROs. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess predictors of postoperative improvement in outcomes of interest.

resultsWe identified 59 patients who underwent AR-guided spine surgery with ≥ 10 months follow-up (34% male, median age: 61 years, median follow-up: 25 months). Nine patients (15.3%) underwent reoperation at a median of 19 months-three for adjacent segment disease, four for pseudarthrosis, and two for other indications. Preoperatively, median ODI was 44 (severe disability), and MCS and PCS were 41.3 and 27.0. Postoperatively, ODI was 24 (moderate disability), and MCS and PCS were 54.1 and 37.7-representing significant improvements that exceed the minimal clinically important differences reported in the literature (approximately 10 points for ODI and 4 points for PCS and MCS; p < 0.001, p = 0.03, and p = 0.001, respectively).

conclusionThis study represents one of the first efforts to evaluate the clinical impact of augmented reality-assisted spinal surgery beyond intraoperative usage. While AR technology has been shown to enhance pedicle screw placement accuracy, our findings extend this knowledge by demonstrating sustained long-term improvements in physical functioning, mental health, and disability among patients undergoing AR-guided pedicle screw placement that are reasonably similar to those reported following other means of pedicle screw placement.

Indexed as

Augmented RealityPedicle ScrewsSpinal FusionSurgery, Computer-AssistedAdultAgedFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedPatient Reported Outcome MeasuresRetrospective StudiesTreatment OutcomeAugmented realityNavigationOutcomesPedicle screwSpinal fusion

Identifiers

PMID41381793
PMCPMC12701013

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.