Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41381556›Full record

ArticleScientific data2025

A curated global dataset of social contact between diverse language communities.

Eri Kashima, Francesca Di Garbo, Oona Raatikainen, Robert Forkel, Rosnátaly Avelino, Sacha Beck, Anna Berge, Ana Blanco Pena, Ross Bowden, Nicolás Brid and 40 more

Abstract readDataset
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific data, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

50 authors.

Eri Kashima *University of Helsinki, Department of General Linguistics, Helsinki, Finland. eri.kashima@helsinki.fi.
Francesca Di Garbo *University of Helsinki, Department of General Linguistics, Helsinki, Finland.
Oona Raatikainen *Independent Researcher, Helsinki, Finland.
Robert Forkel *Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Leipzig, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1081-086X
Rosnátaly AvelinoSecretaría de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnología e Innovación (SECIHTI) - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas, Ciudad de México, México.
Sacha BeckIndependent Researcher, Brussels, Belgium.
Anna BergeUniversity of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Native Language Center, Fairbanks, USA.
Ana Blanco PenaInstituto de Lingüística, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Ross BowdenIndependent Researcher, Melbourne, Australia.
Nicolás BridInstituto de Lingüística, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Joseph M BrincatL-Università ta' Malta, Faculty of Arts, Msida, Malta.
María Belén CarpioConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.ORCID 0000-0001-5344-6987
Alexander CobbinahUniversidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Paola CúneoInstituto de Lingüística, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.ORCID 0000-0001-7901-412X
Deginet Wotango DoyisoIndependent Researcher, Cologne, Germany.
Anne-Maria FehnBIOPOLIS-CIBIO: Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources - InBIO Associate Laboratory, Vairão, Portugal.
Saloumeh GholamiUniversity of Cambridge, Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Arun GhoshUniversity of Burdwan, Bardhaman, India.
Hannah GibsonUniversity of Essex, Department of Language and Linguistics, Colchester, United Kingdom.
Elizabeth HallSIL Global, Dallas, USA.
Katja HannßUniversity of Cologne, Department of Linguistics, Cologne, Germany.
Hannah HaynieUniversity of Colorado, Department of Linguistics, Boulder, USA.
Jerry J JackaUniversity of Colorado, Department of Anthropology, Boulder, USA.
Mathias JennyChiang Mai University, Faculty of Humanities, Chang Wat Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Richard KowalikUiT The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Language and Culture, Tromsø, Norway.
Sonal Kulkarni-JoshiDeccan College, Post-Graduate and Research Institute, Pune, India.
Maarten MousLeiden University, Centre for Linguistics, Leiden, Netherlands.
Marcela MendozaUniversity of Oregon, Department of Anthropology, Eugene, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8163-8986
Cristina MessineoInstituto de Lingüística, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Francesca Romana MoroUniversity of Naples L'Orientale, Department of Asia, Africa and Mediterranean, Napoli, Italy.
Hank NaterIndependent Researher, Alberta, Canada.
Michelle OcasioValdosta State University, Modern and Classical Languages, Valdosta, USA.
Bruno OlssonUniversity of Regensburg, Department of General Comparative Linguistics, Regensburg, Germany.
Ana María Ospina BozziDepartamento de Lingüística, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
Agustina ParedesInstituto de Lingüística, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Admire PhiriUniversity of the Free State, Department of Linguistics and Language Practice, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
Nicolas QuintCNRS LLACAN - UMR 8135 (CNRS / INALCO / EPHE), Villejuif, France.
Erika SandmanUniversity of Helsinki, Department of General Linguistics, Helsinki, Finland.
Dineke SchokkinIndependent Researcher, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Ruth SingerUniversity of Melbourne, School of Languages and Linguistics, Parkville, Australia.
Ellen Smith-DennisUniversity of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.
Lameen SouagCNRS LACITO - UMR 7107 (CNRS - Sorbonne Nouvelle - INALCO), Villejuif, France.
Yunus SulistyonoIndonesian Language and Literature, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia.
Yvonne TreisCNRS LLACAN - UMR 8135 (CNRS / INALCO / EPHE), Villejuif, France.
Matthias UrbanDDL UMR 5596, CNRS & Université Lumière Lyon 2, Lyon, France.
Jill VaughanMonash University, School of Languages, Literatures, Cultures and Linguistics, Clayton, Australia.
Georg ZiegelmeyerUniversity of Vienna, Institute of African Studies, Wien, Austria.
Veronika ZikmundováCharles University, Institute of Asian Studies, Prague, Czech Republic.
Ricardo Napoleão de SouzaHanken School of Economics, Helsinki, Finland.
Kaius SinnemäkiUniversity of Helsinki, Department of General Linguistics, Helsinki, Finland. kaius.sinnemaki@helsinki.fi.ORCID 0000-0002-6972-5216

Funding

EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council) 805371
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The GramAdapt Social Contact Dataset is a curated dataset of 34 language pairs with qualitative and quantifiable data on social interaction and aspects of societal multilingualism. The language pairs were sampled globally to represent the world's linguistic diversity. The dataset can be used to interrogate the social dimensions of language contact independently or in conjunction with appropriate linguistic data. The data were collected by distributing a questionnaire to experts who have experience with either one or both of the language communities of a pair. The data represent subjective expert assessments based on choices from predetermined answers which can be quantified. Authors 1, 2 and 3 manually checked the response to identify possible misjudgments or misunderstandings. This results in a dataset containing 13,493 data points. This dataset is a first of its kind in the field of linguistics, built upon wide findings from sociolinguistics, historical linguistics, psycholinguistics, and linguistic anthropology.

Indexed as

LanguageMultilingualismSocial InteractionHumansLinguistics

Identifiers

PMID41381556
PMCPMC12715218

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.