Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41381466›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Tailored PEDOT:PSS phase segregation for high-efficiency flexible all-perovskite tandem solar cells and mini-modules.

Huagui Lai, Jingwei Zhu, Rui-Tung Kuo, Urs Aeberhard, Zhan-Hong Lin, Nada Mrkyvkova, Jincheng Luo, Severin Siegrist, Philipp Wechsler, Chih-Jen Shih and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Huagui LaiLaboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3191-3999
Jingwei ZhuCollege of Materials Science and Engineering & Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Rui-Tung KuoDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
Urs AeberhardFluxim AG, Katharina-Sulzer-Platz 2, Winterthur, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2408-8468
Zhan-Hong LinInstitute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6158-6450
Nada MrkyvkovaCenter for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2619-0872
Jincheng LuoLaboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland.
Severin SiegristLaboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1964-8259
Philipp WechslerLaboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland.
Chih-Jen ShihInstitute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5258-3485
Peter SiffalovicCenter for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Cong ChenCollege of Materials Science and Engineering & Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2692-1871
Ayodhya Nath TiwariLaboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland.
Tzu-Ying LinDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. tzuying.lin@mx.nthu.edu.tw.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3428-9944
Dewei ZhaoCollege of Materials Science and Engineering & Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. dewei.zhao@scu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7914-6288
Fan FuLaboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland. fan.fu@empa.ch.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3647-4086

Funding

EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020) 101075605
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Flexible all-perovskite tandem solar cells (TSCs) promise lightweight power for portable and aerospace uses, yet performance remains limited by interfacial losses in narrow-bandgap (NBG) sub-cells, particularly arising from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). Here, we uncover a previously unrecognized vertical phase segregation in PEDOT:PSS films, with an insulating PSS-rich surface layer atop a conductive PEDOT-rich base. This architecture induces interfacial electric dipoles that hinder efficient hole extraction. We find that the inclusion of Triton X-100 disrupts this segregation by modulating polymer interactions, thereby suppressing surface dipole formation. NBG perovskite cells incorporating this modified interface exhibit enhanced performance and reproducibility. This strategy enables flexible TSCs with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.4% and a proof-of-concept flexible tandem solar mini-module reaches 19.7%, with theoretical modeling projecting module efficiencies exceeding 24%. These results provide key insights into PEDOT:PSS interfacial phenomena and elucidate design principles for optimizing interfaces for next-generation flexible perovskite tandems.

Identifiers

PMID41381466
PMCPMC12749002

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.