ArticleNature communications2025
Ultrafast avalanche photodiode exceeding 100 GHz bandwidth.
Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Radiation-Free In-Gap Finite Barrier Bound States in a Lithium Niobate-Based Honeycomb Lattice.Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- High-speed Si-Ge avalanche photodiode with a gain-bandwidth product of 7564 GHz.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Recent Progress in Silicon-Based On-Chip Integrated Infrared Photodetectors.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) demand multiplication materials with low ionization coefficient ratio (k) for high-speed and high-sensitivity photodetection. Germanium/Silicon (Ge/Si) APDs have been preferred for a decade, leveraging the exceptional multiplication property of Si and inherent complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility. However, the bandwidth remains tens of gigahertz, fundamentally limited by unexpected dual-carrier multiplication in high-k Ge. Here, we transcend this material limitation by introducing a uni-multiplication-carrier concept. Through a separated absorption-charge-cliff-multiplication structure, we elaborately tailor the electric field to gradient distribution within a thin Ge region, establishing electron-dominated multiplication with a significantly reduced k. Experimentally, the device achieves a record-high bandwidth of 105 GHz at a gain of 7. This enables 8×260 Gb/s signal reception, previously only achieved by gainless photodetectors, while providing 9 dB sensitivity improvement. This work paves the way for amplifier-free optical communications, ultra-precise optical sensing, and large-scale optical computing.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.