Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41380778›Full record

Trial reportDiabetes research and clinical practice2026

Human factors in the use and efficacy of decision support technologies for type 1 diabetes: evidence from a randomized controlled trial.

Jacopo Pavan, Ralf Nass, Chiara Fabris, Anas El Fathi, Emma G Emory, Giulio Santini, Annanda M F B Batista, Mary C Oliveri, Chaitanya K L Koravi, Charlie L Barnett and 3 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Jacopo PavanCenter for Diabetes Technology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, USA. Electronic address: jacopo@virginia.edu.
Ralf NassCenter for Diabetes Technology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia, USA. Electronic address: rmn9a@virginia.edu.
Chiara FabrisCenter for Diabetes Technology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, USA. Electronic address: cf9qe@virginia.edu.
Anas El FathiCenter for Diabetes Technology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, USA. Electronic address: fwt9vd@virginia.edu.
Emma G EmoryCenter for Diabetes Technology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, USA. Electronic address: ee9m@virginia.edu.
Giulio SantiniCenter for Diabetes Technology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, USA. Electronic address: qqp5np@virginia.edu.
Annanda M F B BatistaCenter for Diabetes Technology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, USA. Electronic address: abatis5@icloud.com.
Mary C OliveriCenter for Diabetes Technology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, USA. Electronic address: mc7m@virginia.edu.
Chaitanya K L KoraviCenter for Diabetes Technology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, USA. Electronic address: lk7rw@virginia.edu.
Charlie L BarnettCenter for Diabetes Technology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, USA. Electronic address: clb6dd@virginia.ed.
Katharine Barnard-KellySouthern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK. Electronic address: katharinebarnard@bhrltd.com.
Linda Gonder-FrederickCenter for Diabetes Technology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, USA. Electronic address: lag3g@virginia.edu.
Marc D BretonCenter for Diabetes Technology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, USA. Electronic address: marc.breton@virginia.edu.

Funding

Improving intensive insulin therapy through the personalization of data-driven decision support system to patients’ goals and preferences and its adaptation to long term health needsR01DK051562 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA CHARLOTTESVILLE · PI MARC D BRETON, Chiara Fabris · 1996 to 2026
$9.4M
NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK051562
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimStudies on decision support systems (DSS) for type 1 diabetes show low user engagement and marginal glycemic benefits. This work investigates the interplay between human factors and DSS use and efficacy.

methodsAdults using insulin injections or pump and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) underwent three 2-month interventions, in randomized order: i) no DSS; ii) informative DSS (iDSS), providing summary feedback for decision-making; iii) prescriptive DSS (pDSS), recommending precise treatment actions. DSS advisory modules included tools for smart bolusing and therapy optimization. Primary outcomes were CGM-derived glycemic metrics. Exploratory analyses investigated the association between glycemic outcomes, DSS use, and psychosocial variables.

resultsFifty-three participants (26 injections, 27 pump) completed the study. Glycemic outcomes did not differ between interventions. However, using iDSS vs no DSS reduced average time >180 mg/dl for participants with lower diabetes-related knowledge (-6 %, p < 0.001) and higher hemoglobin A1c (-6 %, p < 0.01). Emotional distress (p < 0.001) and hypoglycemia worry (p < 0.01) were associated with lower DSS engagement. Participants engaged more with their preferred system (p < 0.01); 40 % of them preferred iDSS.

conclusionsPersonalized feedback (iDSS) may offer an important learning tool, especially for individuals with lower diabetes-related knowledge. Addressing diabetes-related distress and hypoglycemia worry could unlock the full potential of DSS technologies.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1AdultBlood GlucoseBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinInsulin Infusion SystemsMaleMiddle AgedBlood GlucoseGlycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic AgentsInsulin

Identifiers

PMID41380778
PMCPMC12895554

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.