ArticleThe western journal of emergency medicine2025
Development of a Low-Barrier, Reimbursable Take-Home Naloxone Program at a Regional Health System.
Article in The western journal of emergency medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Barriers and Facilitators to Naloxone Access for Adolescents: A Narrative Review.Substance use : research and treatmentReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionTake-home naloxone (THN) programs in emergency departments (ED) can reduce opioid overdose deaths by providing naloxone directly to at-risk patients before discharge. However, sustainable models that integrate reimbursement and workflow alignment remain limited.
methodsA reimbursable ED-led THN program was developed across a large regional health system. The program used electronic health record (EHR)-integrated ordering, on-site kit dispensing, and third-party insurance billing when available. Kits were stocked in automated medication dispensing systems and supplemented by city-provided stock for uninsured patients. Pilot outcomes included kits dispensed and reimbursement rates across eight participating EDs.
resultsA total of 2,520 naloxone kits were dispensed across eight EDs between January 2019-December 2024, with a total of 6,551 encounters with decision support prompting naloxone ordering (31.6% of eligible). The proportion of kits reimbursed by insurance rose from 46% in 2019 to 95% by 2025. In total, 89.9% of kits were reimbursed either by insurance or public supply (the rest paid by the hospital system). Kit distribution grew from 99 in 2019 to 702 in 2024, reflecting expanded site participation, improved workflows, and greater staff engagement.
conclusionA reimbursable ED-led naloxone program can increase access to life-saving medication for patients at risk of opioid overdose. Integrating take-home naloxone distribution into EHR workflows, leveraging insurance billing, and partnering with public health agencies offers a sustainable, low-barrier model that other health systems can adopt.
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Registered trials
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