Beekeeper attitudes towards the management of Varroa destructor in Australia.

Varroa destructor, the most damaging pest of the western honey bee (Apis mellifera), arrived in Australia in June 2022. This parasitic mite weakens bees and spreads harmful viruses. We investigated Australian beekeepers' trust and perceptions of biomechanical Varroa control methods to identify barriers to adoption. An online survey and in-person interviews were conducted with commercial, semi-commercial, and hobbyist beekeepers. Data were analysed using generalised linear models and content analysis. While many beekeepers expressed interest in non-chemical approaches, most relied on chemical treatments. Although 80% had heard of biomechanical options, few applied them due to concerns about time, practicality, and efficacy. Interviews revealed limited available information and context-specific challenges, including high reinfestation rates and co-infestation by small hive beetles. Our findings highlight the need for targeted education and support to promote sustainable Varroa destructor management and provide guidelines for future research aligned with commercial beekeepers' needs.