ArticleAmerican journal of preventive cardiology2025
Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular outcomes in pre-menopausal women with high vs low breast fat accumulation: The role of TSP-1.
Article in American journal of preventive cardiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: In premenopausal women, adipose tissue accumulation of the breast gland is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and major-adverse-cardiac-events (MACE). Aims: We aimed to evaluate endothelial dysfunction (ED) via brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and to assess serum endothelin-1 (ET-1), thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), and MACE at 5-year follow-up among women with different degrees of breast fat accumulation (BFA). Methods: Women aged 40-55 years undergoing mammography were consecutively enrolled and classified into high-BFA and low-BFA groups; those with baseline ED were excluded. ED, inflammatory markers, ET-1, TSP-1, and MACE were reassessed at 5-year follow-up. Results: At follow-up, ED occurred in 44 % of high-BFA vs. 28.3 % of low-BFA women, and MACE in 11.2 % vs. 2.5 % ( Conclusions: Women with High-BFA vs Low-BFA showed higher rates of ED and MACE, along with increased inflammatory/oxidative markers and elevated ET-1 and TSP-1 levels. TSP-1 independently predicted both ED (HR 1.081) and MACE (HR 1.170). ET-1 levels predicted greater risk of MACE (HR 1.459). High BFA (HR 1.65) and impaired FMD (HR 1.189) independently predicted MACE at 5 years.
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