Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41377983›Full record

ArticleResearch square2025

Inflammation from mild COVID-19 results in persistent neurological and behavioral changes in rhesus macaques.

Tomas R Wiche Salinas, Sienna Freeman, Rebecca Richardson, Winni Weng, Muskan Ali, Alex van Schoor, Elise Viox, Kevin Nguyen, James Auger, Richard Ketan and 14 more

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Research square, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors.

Tomas R Wiche SalinasEmory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta GA 30329, USA.
Sienna FreemanEmory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta GA 30329, USA.
Rebecca RichardsonEmory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta GA 30329, USA.
Winni WengEmory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta GA 30329, USA.
Muskan AliEmory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta GA 30329, USA.
Alex van SchoorEmory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta GA 30329, USA.
Elise VioxEmory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta GA 30329, USA.
Kevin NguyenEmory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta GA 30329, USA.
James AugerEmory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta GA 30329, USA.
Richard KetanVaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Convent Drive, Bethesda MD 20892, USA.
Matthew GagneVaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Convent Drive, Bethesda MD 20892, USA.
Breanna PicouTulane National Biomedical Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington LA 70433, USA.
Nadia A GoldenTulane National Biomedical Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington LA 70433, USA.
Monica VaccariTulane National Biomedical Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington LA 70433, USA.
Sherri JeanEmory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta GA 30329, USA.
Jennifer S WoodEmory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta GA 30329, USA.
Joyce CohenEmory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta GA 30329, USA.
R Paul JohnsonEmory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta GA 30329, USA.
Daniel C DouekVaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Convent Drive, Bethesda MD 20892, USA.
Benoit A NiclouDepartment of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1750 Haygood Drive, Atlanta GA 30322, USA.
Rebecca D LevitDepartment of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1750 Haygood Drive, Atlanta GA 30322, USA.
Ian N MooreEmory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta GA 30329, USA.
Mirko PaiardiniEmory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta GA 30329, USA.
Jessica RaperEmory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta GA 30329, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0964-9944

Funding

Yerkes National Primate Research Center Role of type-I IFN in regulating COVID-19 induced inflammation and pathogenesisP51OD011132 · OD · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Joon Sup Lee · 2012 to 2026
$167.0M
Tulane NPRC SPF Sheltered Outdoor Enclosure ExpansionP51OD011104 · OD · TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA · PI L Lee HAMM · 2012 to 2026
$142.4M
Implementing a Maternal health and PRegnancy Outcomes Vision for Everyone (IMPROVE)UL1TR002378 · NCATS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Andres J Garcia, Elizabeth O. Ofili · 2017 to 2026
$92.1M
Very early drivers of neutrophilic inflammation in cardiac ischemia-reperfusionR01HL140223 · NHLBI · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Rebecca Diane Levit · 2018 to 2026
$4.4M
Hydrogel Targeting of Organ Specific Gene TherapyR01HL175069 · NHLBI · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Christopher Bradley Doering, Andres J Garcia · 2024 to 2026
$1.9M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002378NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL140223NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL175069NIH HHS P51 OD011104NIH HHS P51 OD011132
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although most SARS-CoV-2 infections result in mild or moderate symptoms not requiring hospitalization, many patients experience persistent symptoms after their initial recovery, a condition termed Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). The underlying pathogenesis behind infection associated chronic illnesses, such as PASC, are poorly understood, thus critically limiting the development of therapeutics to prevent or alleviate symptoms. The current study examined the neurocognitive impact of SARS-CoV-2 induced inflammation in a nonhuman primate model. Ten adult rhesus macaques (5 female, 5 male) were monitored before, during, and after recovery from a mild COVID-19 illness (SARS-CoV-2 strain 2019-noCoV/USA-WA1/2020). Macaques exhibited persistent alterations in taste and smell, as well as decreased cognitive flexibility up to 3 months post-infection. Female macaques experienced sleep disturbances, greater stress and poorer autonomic function months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Importantly, the development of these neurocognitive changes were associated with acute cytokine response to infection and increased microglia activation in brain tissue at 4 months post-infection. These findings suggest a causative link between the inflammatory response to mild COVID-19 symptoms and persistent neurocognitive changes associated with PASC and provide rationale for therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing acute inflammatory responses to the virus.

Indexed as

Heart rate variabilityLong-COVIDNeuroinflammationNonhuman primatePASCSex differences

Identifiers

PMID41377983
PMCPMC12687834

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.