Exploring the relationship of triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the triglyceride-glucose index with white matter hyperintensities in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional analysis.

Jun Pan, Juan Zheng, Hua Dong, Haili Zhang, Zhiwei Hu, Zhangchao Tang, Hanwen Xu

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jun PanDepartment of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Jiashan, Jiashan Hospital Affiliated to Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China.

Juan ZhengDepartment of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Jiashan, Jiashan Hospital Affiliated to Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China.

Hua DongDepartment of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Jiashan, Jiashan Hospital Affiliated to Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China.

Haili ZhangDepartment of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Jiashan, Jiashan Hospital Affiliated to Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China.

Zhiwei HuDepartment of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Jiashan, Jiashan Hospital Affiliated to Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China.

Zhangchao TangDepartment of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Jiashan, Jiashan Hospital Affiliated to Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China.

Hanwen XuDepartment of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Jiashan, Jiashan Hospital Affiliated to Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Previous studies have shown that the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) is associated with white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in a healthy population, acting as a marker of insulin resistance (IR). Triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-c) has been also recognized as marker for IR. However, the connection between TyG or TG/HDL-c and WMH in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the link between TG/HDL-c or TyG and WMH in patients with T2DM. Methods: The study enrolled a total of 420 T2DM patients. The WMH in baseline brain MRI scans was measured using the modified Fazekas scale. The relationship between WMH risk and severity in relation to TG/HDL-c and TyG was assessed through logistic and ordered logistic regression analyses. The variance inflation factor was employed to examine variable collinearity. Potential non-linear relationships between TG/HDL-c or TyG and the risk of WMH were examined using restricted cubic splines. Results: The median age of the study participants was 57.0 (18.0) years, 280 (66.7%) were men, and 263 (62.7%) were WMH-positive. The Fazekas score was correlated with the TG/HDL-c (r=0.366, P = 0.035) and TyG(r = 0.088, P = 0.025). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that TG/HDL-c (OR = 1.252, 95% CI 1.074-1.459) and TyG (OR = 1.883, 95% CI 1.359-2.609) were associated with the WMH. Multivariate adjusted restricted cubic spline plots showed a linear relationship between TG/HDL-c or TyG (P < 0.05, P-nonlinear > 0.05) and WMH. Multiple ordered logistic regression analyses showed that TG/HDL-c(OR = 1.123, 95% CI 1.028-1.226) and TyG (OR = 1.606, 95% CI 1.237-2.085) were independently associated with the burden of WMH. Subgroup analysis showed that TG/HDL-c were more substantially correlated with the WMH in male T2DM patients with a shorter duration of diabetes, younger age, lower blood pressure levels, and poor glycemic control (p<0.05). A comparable association of the TyG with WMH was also observed in these subgroups. Conclusion: The TyG and TG/HDL-c were independently and significantly associated with a higher prevalence and burden of WMH in patients with T2DM, which emphasizes the potential usefulness of these markers in early risk stratification.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseCholesterol, HDLDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2TriglyceridesWhite MatterAdultAgedBiomarkersCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansInsulin ResistanceMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedBiomarkersBlood GlucoseCholesterol, HDLTriglyceridesinsulin resistancetriglyceride glucose indextriglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratiotype 2 diabetes mellituswhite matter hyperintensities

Identifiers

PMID41377947

DOI10.3389/fendo.2025.1639083

PMCPMC12685676

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.