ArticleGland surgery2025
The diagnostic efficacy of serum galectin-3 and other markers in papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Article in Gland surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development and validation of a multimodal predictive model based on clinical, biochemical, and quantitative dual-energy CT parameters: for predicting the benignity and malignancy of thyroid nodules.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Analysis of Galectin-3 in Differentiating Non-malignant and Malignant Nodular Thyroid Lesions.Cureus · 2026Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer, representing approximately 85-90% of cases. Galectin-3 (GAL-3) is a well-established histologic marker of thyroid cancer that is not expressed by normal thyroid cells. Our study aims to explore the potential utility of serum GAL-3 in differentiating PTC from benign thyroid tumors. Methods: According to the postoperative pathology results, patients were divided into a benign thyroid tumor group (95 cases) and a PTC group (165 cases). Serum GAL-3 was detected by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Additionally, other markers, including human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), Ki-67, cytokeratin 19 (CK19), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and CD56, were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum levels were compared between the two groups using SPSS 22.0. Results: In patients with PTC, serum GAL-3 levels were significantly higher than those in patients with benign thyroid tumors (P=0.045). Similarly, serum HER2 and Ki-67 levels in PTC patients were also markedly higher than those in patients with benign thyroid tumors (P<0.05). However, no significant differences were found between the two groups in CK19, TPO, and CD56 (P>0.05). Multivariable analyses indicated that high GAL-3 [odds ratio (OR), 1.134; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.046-1.228; P=0.002] and high Ki-67 (OR, 5.754; 95% CI: 2.947-11.234; P<0.001) levels were independent risk factors for PTC. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that GAL-3 and Ki-67 had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.645 (sensitivity 60.9% and specificity 76.8%; P<0.001) and 0.764 (sensitivity 64.3% and specificity 81.4%; P<0.001) for distinguishing between benign thyroid tumors and PTC, respectively. When two markers were combined, the AUC increased to 0.785 (sensitivity 70.6% and specificity 87.4%; P<0.001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the combination of serum GAL-3 and Ki-67 may serve as a useful adjunct to existing diagnostic methods of thyroid cancer, such as ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB).
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