ArticleHealth science reports2025
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Infertility: A Cross-Sectional Study Exploring Its Prevalence and Effects in Iranian Couples.
Article in Health science reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus in the Middle East and North Africa: A Review of Genotypic Prevalence, Vaccination Challenges, and Non-Cervical Clinical Outcomes.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Infertility: A Cross-Sectional Study Exploring Its Prevalence and Effects in Iranian Couples.Health science reports · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and Aims: Infertility, defined as the inability to conceive after 12 months of regular unprotected intercourse, affects approximately 16% of the global population and is a growing concern in Iran. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in infertile couples and to investigate the association of HPV infection with infertility. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between HPV and infertility in 354 participants (177 females, 177 males) from Hazrat Zainab Hospital's ART clinics in 2024. Participants were aged 20-45 years and diagnosed with primary or secondary infertility. Biological samples (semen, cervical swabs, and uterine aspirates) were tested using real-time PCR for HPV detection and genotyping. Demographic, clinical, and lifestyle data were collected via questionnaires. Results: Among female participants, 30 (16.9%) tested positive for HPV, with 3 (12.5%) harboring high-risk types. The prevalence in male participants was slightly higher, with 23 (13%) testing positive, including 8 (40%) with high-risk HPV types. Key findings included a slightly lower age at marriage in HPV-positive females (24.73 ± 6.10 years vs. 26.23 ± 6.41 years in HPV-negative females) and reduced utilization of assisted reproductive techniques (e.g., IVF and IUI) was observed in HPV-positive individuals. Interestingly, smoking was less frequent in HPV-positive males (52.2%) compared to HPV-negative males (65.6%). HPV-positive males exhibited higher rates of self-employment and partner change but no significant differences in semen parameters. Conclusion: Our findings align with previous studies reporting moderate HPV prevalence rates (15%-25%) in infertile populations globally, emphasizing the potential role of HPV in reproductive dysfunction. While HPV's impact on sperm quality and endometrial receptivity may contribute to infertility, further research is needed to clarify causal relationships. Vaccination and targeted screening strategies could mitigate HPV-related risks and improve reproductive outcomes.
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