ReviewJournal of thoracic disease2025
A narrative review of the early diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with lung cancer.
Review in Journal of thoracic disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association between oxidative stress index and lung cancer risk in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an exploratory retrospective analysis.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Article
- Osteopontin Promotes Lung Cancer Growth through NF-κB-Dependent Upregulation of PD-L1 and Suppression of Anti-Tumor Immunity.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and Objective: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a chronic progressive interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, is characterized by alveolar architecture destruction and progressive pulmonary parenchymal scarring, with an extremely poor prognosis. While antifibrotic therapies have been shown to slow disease progression in clinical practice, IPF patients continue to experience irreversible declines in pulmonary function. Notably, lung cancer (LC) represents a severe complication of IPF. IPF patients exhibit a 2.7-48% lifetime risk of LC development, with patients diagnosed with IPF with LC (IPF-LC) exhibiting significantly poorer prognoses than those with IPF alone. Furthermore, the rising prevalence of IPF-LC has rendered it a critical challenge in clinical management. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the epidemiological characteristics, early diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic innovations in IPF-LC, with particular emphasis on emerging biomarkers and their clinical applications. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, focusing on articles published in English from 2006 to August 2025. Studies focusing on IPF-LC diagnostic and therapeutic advancements were selected for in-depth analysis and incorporated into this review. Key Content and Findings: This review highlights the high incidence and poor prognosis of IPF progressing to IPF-LC, driven by common risk factors and molecular pathways. Early diagnosis relies on multidisciplinary evaluation, annual high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), and biomarkers. Antifibrotic agents delay fibrosis, reduce cancer risk and may act synergistically with immuno- and chemotherapies, whereas surgery/radiotherapy needs to be chosen carefully due to the risk of acute exacerbation. Conclusions: Combining imaging with biomarkers will effectively increase the probability and reliability of early diagnosis of IPF-LC. Antifibrotic drugs not only slow IPF progression, but may also reduce LC risk by inhibiting the pro-fibrotic-cancerous common pathway and enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Future studies could focus on validating biomarkers, optimizing combinations of antifibrotic and immunotherapies, and integrating artificial intelligence-driven diagnostics to improve outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.