ArticleEuropean urology open science2026
Impact of H1 Antihistamines on Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-treated Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer.
Article in European urology open science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background and objective: Concomitant H1 antihistamine (H1-AH) administration is associated with better survival outcomes for patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma receiving immunotherapy. However, the role of H1-AHs among patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) treated with adjuvant intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy has not been explored. Our aim was to investigate the impact of H1-AH use on survival outcomes for patients with BCG-treated NMIBC. Methods: We conducted a territory-wide retrospective observational study. Patients with NMIBC who received intravesical immunotherapy with a single BCG strain in Hong Kong from 2001 to 2020 were identified. H1-AH prescription data were recorded. Overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and progression-free survival (PFS) outcomes were compared between H1-AH and control groups using the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariable Cox regression. Key findings and limitations: Our analysis included 2028 patients with NMIBC who received intravesical BCG immunotherapy. Of these, 1539 patients (76%) had a H1-AH prescription at baseline and 489 (24%) never received any H1-AH prescription during the study period. Median follow-up was 11.0 yr. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the H1-AH group had better CSS ( Conclusions and clinical implications: Concomitant H1-AH treatment was associated with better OS, CSS, RFS, and PFS for patients with NMIBC receiving adjuvant intravesical BCG. Patient summary: The treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) typically includes a solution of BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guérin) instilled into the bladder. We found better survival outcomes (overall survival, cancer-specific survival, recurrence-free survival, and progression-free survival) for patients who took a H1 antihistamine during their BCG treatment for intermediate-risk or high-risk NMIBC. More research is needed to confirm our results.
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